In Russia, the most common tree or heart-shaped linden The trunk is slender, up to 30 m in height, with a spreading dense crown. The bark is dark, sometimes almost black; on young branches it is dark gray.
The leaves are alternate on long stalks, heart-shaped, with a pointed apex, smooth above, dark green, grayish green below, with tufts of brownish hairs at the corners of the veins, with paired pink stipules that fall in the spring.
The flowers are small , yellowish-white and creamy-yellow, collected in inflorescences of 5 - 15 pieces, with a light yellow or greenish-yellow bract of an oblong-lanceolate shape with a rounded top, the bract hangs down from the middle of the base of the inflorescence, like a sail. The leaves appear in May, flowering begins from late June to July and usually lasts about two weeks. At this time, the surrounding air is filled with a subtle honey aroma.
Linden fruits are round, small, single-seeded nuts with leathery pericarps. grows in deciduous and mixed forests, usually in the form of an admixture; in some places it forms linden groves. In city parks, linden is considered one of the best ornamental trees.
Description and characteristics
The tree is usually classified as a member of the linden family . Linden (Tilia) has several subspecies, one of the popular Tilia species is Tilia Platyphyllos or broadleaf linden. The tree is popularly called lutoshka or mokalnik.
The tree is quite large, reaching a height of about 40 meters. The crown of Tilia platyphyllos is pyramid-shaped or dome-shaped, very dense. Every year the root system becomes more powerful and stronger. The trunk is straight, with rather thin, light gray bark. As it matures, the bark becomes brown and the bark is riddled with cracks. The branches of Tillia are velvety to the touch and have an unusual brown-red hue.
Tillia has unusually shaped leaves, vaguely reminiscent of a heart. The apex is slightly pointed. Leaf veins are clearly visible. The color of the leaves is peculiar, the top is a darker shade, the bottom is several tones lighter. Young leaves have stipules of a reddish hue; as they mature, they fall off. The leaves are slightly pubescent on the inside.
Tillia platyphyllos (broadleaf linden) begins to bloom in mid-summer. The tree does not bloom for long, no more than 10 days. The flowers of Tillia platyphyllos (large-leaved linden) exude a delicate aroma and are predominantly light yellow in color. The flowers are collected in inflorescences similar to an umbrella, only 5 pieces in one inflorescence. Large-leaved linden has the ability to bear fruit, lionfish-shaped fruits with a small nut inside.
The tree is frost-resistant and grows quickly . The soil for growth is preferably fertile and good. It is not afraid of shade, feels good in shady places, but is a light-loving tree. It takes root well in city parks and squares. Seasonal pruning of large-leaved linden does not cause harm. The tree is considered to be a long-liver; it grows for about 600 years. Many gardeners make decorative haircuts for linden, giving it various shapes.
Large-leaved linden is found in many regions of Europe, in the southern and northern regions. In Ukraine and Russia it is found almost everywhere. There are single specimens, and linden often grows in groups. You can find broadleaf linden in cliffs and on mountain slopes; it gets along well with coniferous and deciduous trees.
Tilia amurensis Rupr. — Amur linden
Family Tiliaceae Juss .
Spreading.
It grows in the Far East from the middle reaches of the Amur to the south, entering Dauria in the west. Situated on southern slopes, often mixed with Daurian birch and Mongolian oak.
Characteristics of the tree.
Tree up to 25 m high, about 35 cm in diameter, the bark is dark gray, lamellar, often deeply furrowed.
Moderately demanding of soil, moisture and heat. Shade-tolerant. In terms of biological properties and requirements for environmental conditions, it is close to small-leaved linden, but grows more slowly than the latter. A number of authors consider the Amur linden to be a Far Eastern form of small-leaved linden.
The leaves are broadly ovate, sharply toothed, larger than those of small-leaved linden, with a straight or notched base and a pointed apex; at first covered with white silky hairs, later only on the underside there remain brown beards of hairs in the corners of the veins and a few hairs along them; The leaves are dark green on the upper side and bluish on the lower side.
The shoots first have a whitish silky fluff, later they are bare and brownish-red.
Amur linden blooms in July. The fruits are round nuts up to 7 mm long. The seeds ripen in September. Weight of 1000 fruits is about 25 g. Propagated by seeds and layering. Renewed by growth from the stump.
The bark of young linden trees is used for various crafts. Honey plant. Decorative, recommended for wide breeding.
Wood.
White in color with a slight pinkish or reddish tint. The rock is coreless and belongs to the group of open-pore rocks. The annual layers differ quite weakly on all sections. The vessels are small and invisible. The medullary rays are narrow, but distinguishable by the naked eye: on a transverse section they are visible as very thin shiny lines, and on a radial section - as dull stripes and spots, colored somewhat darker than the surrounding wood. Density at 15% humidity is 0.47 g/cm3, at 12% - 0.45 g/cm3.
Drying.
It dries well, does not warp, but dries out significantly.
Strength.
The wood has low physical and mechanical properties, is soft and light, and is inferior to aspen in terms of compressive strength and static bending by 10-12%. At a humidity of 12%, the ultimate compressive strength along the fibers is 435 • 105 Pa, with static bending - 760 • 105 Pa. End hardness 248 • 105 Pa. Persistence. Low resistance.
Technological
properties. Easy to saw, easy to process, easy to
paint
Used for making drawing boards, models in foundry, wooden utensils, toys. In aircraft manufacturing - for filling parts.
Planting young seedlings
Before planting linden, you need to choose the right site and soil . It should be remembered that large-leaved linden is a light-loving tree, so it is better to choose areas flooded with sunlight. The soil can be any, but it must be drained. Sandstone flavored with humus is suitable.
When planting, the large size of the tree should be taken into account; the area should be extensive.
The tree is unpretentious, but the lifespan of a linden tree directly depends on the correct planting of the seedling. The most favorable period for planting linden seedlings is the autumn season. You can plant in the spring, but only after the frosts have stopped. The plant may die from the cold.
The tree can be grown from seeds, but in most cases linden is grown from seedlings . Before planting, it is recommended to prepare everything you need:
- dig a hole (50x50 cm);
- prepare drainage and soil mixture;
- prepare water for irrigation.
The planting hole should be 50 cm deep and wide. It is recommended to pour drainage into the bottom of the hole. Crushed stone, pebbles or small fragments of bricks are perfect. Humus is poured onto the drainage. The seedling is placed in a hole, and a soil mixture (turf, humus and sand in a ratio of 1:2:2) is poured on top.
When planting several seedlings, it is important to maintain a distance between them. It is recommended to plant linden trees at a distance of 3–4 meters from each other.
After planting, it is recommended to water the seedlings abundantly. A near-trunk hole is required, so water will accumulate right at the rhizome.
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Care Tips
Adults are able to tolerate short-term drought. If the dry period drags on, the tall beauty must be watered regularly. For proper flowering and natural crown density, the tree must be fed regularly.
For these purposes, experienced gardeners recommend preparing mullein . The fertilizer contains most of the beneficial microelements; this will accelerate the growth of the linden tree. Based on mullein (1 kg) with the addition of urea (15 g), ammonium nitrate (25 g), a mixture is prepared, which is diluted with 10 liters of water.
In the autumn, the plant is fertilized with 15–20 grams of nitroammophoska.
Proper and rapid growth of the seedling slows down the presence of weeds. Parasitic plants must be removed, preferably by the roots. Simultaneously with weeding, the soil must be loosened to ensure a flow of oxygen to the roots. It is necessary to loosen the soil regularly, 2-3 times per quarter.
Linden (Tilia x vulgaris Hayne)
This species is a natural hybrid of small-leaved and large-leaved lindens.
Its characteristics resemble the first one, but it has some differences:
- blooms two weeks earlier than small-leaved linden;
- grows faster;
- more resistant to frost;
- tolerates urban conditions better;
- the leaves are larger, the crown is wider.
Diseases and pests
The representative of the species tilia platyphyllos is susceptible to various diseases . These include:
- perforated and black spotting;
- white rot.
If spotting is detected, it is necessary to destroy fallen fruits and leaves. They are considered carriers of infection. The infected tree is treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture. When diagnosing rot, a diseased specimen is treated with copper-containing drugs, in particular copper sulfate.
The following parasites pose a danger to the tree:
- bedbugs;
- scale insects;
- pyramidal scoops;
- gall mites;
- silkworms;
- tubeworms;
- leaf rollers;
- lacewings;
- moths;
- lilac hawk moths.
Insecticides are used to get rid of pests. Birds and rodents can harm the seedling. Mice and shrews can damage the roots, and birds often damage the trunk.
What does a linden tree and its leaf look like (with photo)
A lot of interesting things can be said about leaves. To find out what a linden leaf looks like, you need to imagine that it is medium in size, 6 cm. The leaves are bare on top, dark green in color, and their underside is bluish. The leaf blades of this tree have a characteristic, so-called heart-shaped shape, and are noticeably asymmetrical: one half of the leaf is slightly smaller than the other. The edge of the leaf is finely serrated, as botanists say, “serrated.”
Let's continue the story about what a linden tree looks like with this fact: in the spring, when its buds open, along with young light green leaves, oval pinkish scales appear. Upon closer examination, it turns out that these are stipules. Each leaf has a pair of these beautiful scales (often dark pink).
Look at what the linden tree looks like in the photo, capturing exactly this moment of spring buds opening and leaves appearing:
Young linden shoots look very elegant at this time: the green color contrasts beautifully with pink. But this doesn't last long. Beautiful stipules stay on the branches for only a few days and then fall off. And then under the linden trees on the ground you can see a whole scattering of scales. This is especially noticeable somewhere along the alley in the old linden park. The linden tree seems to be in a hurry to quickly get rid of its stipules and throw them off. In the spring, the tree really doesn’t need them anymore.
But in winter, the stipules located inside the buds are important for the plant: they, along with the outer scales of the buds, serve as protection for the tender buds of the leaves during their overwintering. If you open a linden bud and examine the details of its structure under a magnifying glass, it is easy to see that its main contents are stipules, and between them are tiny leaf rudiments.
Look further at what a linden tree looks like - the photo shows different periods of its development and growth:
Medicinal properties
Biologically active substances contained in the plant have healing properties . Often certain parts of the tree are used for medicinal purposes. For example:
- Linden blossom. Used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. Reduces temperature during colds and is used as an anti-inflammatory.
- Bark. Used for diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder.
- Wood. Tar is obtained from it to treat eczema.
- Buds and leaves. Used as a disinfectant and antimicrobial agent for suppuration.
- Fetus. It can be used to stop bleeding.
- Charcoal. Used for tuberculosis, poisoning, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea.
Distribution[edit | edit code ]
In Central Russia it is bred in gardens and parks.
On a sultry hot day, it can be pleasant to relax in the shade of an old spreading linden tree - a useful and beautiful tree that has a lot of valuable properties and qualities. Do we often wonder what a tree like linden is?
It grows everywhere, familiar to the eyes of both city dwellers and rural dwellers - an ordinary, unremarkable tree, part of the landscape. Few people now know that in ancient European tradition it symbolizes the feminine principle: dishes, combs, shoes and many other household items were made from its wood.
