How is willow different from willow: comparison

Botanical description

Botanical illustration from Dietrich Brandis's book Illustrations of the Forest Flora of North-West and Central India
(English), 1874

Tree 10-12 m high, trunk 50-60 cm in diameter. The crown consists of long, thin branches hanging to the ground - bare, shiny, reddish or yellowish-green.

The leaves are oblong or narrowly lanceolate in shape, with a point elongated towards the apex, gradually narrowing towards the base; length 9-16 cm, width 1-2.5 cm. The edges are glandular-serrate, dark green above, bluish-green below. Young leaves are slightly pubescent, mature leaves are glabrous. The veins of the second order are thin, 15-30 pieces, extending to an angle of 45-70°. Stipules are obliquely lanceolate, jagged or awl-shaped; sometimes they turn into thorns. The petiole reaches a length of 1 cm, is hairy, and quite often glandular.

There are two stamens, they are free. There are two nectaries in male flowers, and one in female flowers[5].

The earrings are thin, appear either earlier or later than the leaves, located on short branches, thin-cylindrical. The calyxes are ovoid-lanceolate, the color is yellowish-green or pale fawn, always uniform. The stigma is thickened, yellowish in color, with 2-4 wide lobes[6].

Willow silviculture[ | ]

Of the numerous species and varieties of willows in forestry, the following deserve attention:

• white, willow, willow, broom ( Salix alba
  L., with the variety
  Salix alba
  var.
  vitellina
  );
• brittle, willow, blackthroat ( Salix fragilis
  L., with the variety
  Salix russeliana
  Sm.);
• basketweed, basketwort, kuzovitsa, belotal, verbolosis, vine, small-wine, talazhchanik ( Salix viminalis
  L., with the variety
  Salix molissima
  );
• almond leaf, willow, redvine, tala, willow grass ( Salix amygdalina
  L.,
  Salix triandra
  L.);
• yellowberry, vine, willowweed ( Salix purpurea
  L.,
  Salix helix
  Koch, with varieties
  Salix lambertiana
  and
  Salix uralensis
  );
• shelyuga, verboz (Khark.), red grass ( Salix acutifolia
  Wild.,
  Salix caspica
  );
• pucker ( Salix hyppofaefolia
  ,
  Salix viminalis
  ×
  Salix amygdalina
  );
• Roman ( Salix smithiana
  ,
  Salix capraea
  ×
  Salix viminalis
  )
• cross: Salix purpurea
  ×
  Salix viminalis
  .

Although willows grow on all soils, deep loam or sandy loam, loose and moderately moist, are more suitable for them. Salix viminalis is the most demanding on soil.

;
Salix purpurea
and
Salix alba
grow successfully on peat soil ; Stagnation of water in the soil has a detrimental effect on the growth of willows. When establishing “willow thickets” or “willow thickets”, the soil is cultivated in the fall to a depth of 30-80 cm, depending on its fertility and dryness, so that the top plant layer is turned down, which is achieved by manual cultivation of 1-3 shovels, or making furrows with two plows running one after the other, with a subsoiler. Planting is done in the spring by cuttings - parts of one-year-old twigs, 25-30 cm long, cut in the fall and preserved in the cellar until spring. Cuttings are placed in rows running from southeast to northwest, with a distance between them of 30-40 cm and in a row of 10-20 cm, which will be from 125,000 to 333,333 cuttings per hectare, while on loose soil they are stuck straight hand, and on a dense one - into a hole made with an iron rod, flush with the surface of the soil, without leaving the tip of the cutting outside. But when breeding some willows, for example, when laying “shelyuzhniks” on loose sand, the branches of the shelyugi are directly placed in the plow furrows, one after another, covering them with a layer of sand raised when making the adjacent furrow. In the same way, for topless farming, willows are planted with stakes - 2-3 arshins in length and 1-3 arshins in thickness, stuck into the soil 1/3 of the way.

In accordance with the distribution of willow trees in a given area, plantings are distinguished:

• continuous, or field, when the entire area is allocated for it, except for ditches and roads;
• ordinary, of very different types: a) alternating
  - stripes 1-3 m wide, alternating with fields or vineyards;
  b) ridge
  - on bogs and peat bogs, when willows are grown on ridges formed between ditches with earth taken from the latter;
  c) ditch
  - in which rods bent in a ring stick their ends into the walls of the ditch, etc.
• nesting, used for strengthening slopes, slopes, river banks, etc., consisting of planting several cuttings on an area of ​​pricked soil, in a group, or laying them out along the walls of a pit, then covered with earth, or in the placement of two rods, bent in arcs and intersecting between themselves into a hole made by a stake, etc.

Caring for willow trees consists of manually loosening the soil between the rows, removing weeds, hilling the stumps with soil, and even fertilizing the soil with Peruvian guano, Strassfurt salts, or year-old compost. The following adverse effects on farming in willow forests include hail, late spring frosts, and livestock grazing.

Classification

View Willow of Babylon

is included in the genus Willow (
Salix
) of the Willow family (
Salicaceae
).

Application of Willow

Willow is of great importance for agriculture and plays a large role in replenishing natural resources.

Willow is used as a protective planting, creating its own microclimate for planting and a protective area from the winds.

In depleted and depleted soil zones, Willow often becomes a “pioneer” and improves soil conditions for other plants. Fallen leaves of Willow improve the composition of substances. It is for these reasons that growing Willow is one of the techniques for improving forestry.

As a fast-growing tree, Willow is an excellent source of material. Some species are capable of producing an annual harvest.

Willow twigs are used in the manufacture of wicker furniture, baskets and other household items. The ease of replenishing these resources saves the forces of nature and makes it possible to preserve valuable forest plantations.

Woodworkers use willow bark when staining wood to imitate more expensive and valuable wood.

Notes

1. For the convention of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons”.
2. ↑ 1 2
   Russian name of the taxon - according to the following edition:
   Shreter A.I., Panasyuk V.A.
   Dictionary of plant names = Dictionary of Plant Names / Int. union biol. Sciences, National Faculty of Biologists of Russia, Vseros. Institute of Lec. and aromatic plants Ros. agricultural academies; Ed. prof. V. A. Bykova. - Königstein/Taunus (Germany): Keltz Scientific Books, 1999. - P. 669. - 1033 p. — ISBN 3-87429-398-X.
3. ↑ 1234
   Rabotnov, 1951, p. 12.
4. Sergei Antonovich Shostakovsky. Systematics of higher plants. 1971, p. 131
5. Sokolov S. Ya.
   Genus 2. Willow - Salix L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov. - M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1951. - T. II. Angiosperms. - P. 167. - 612 p. — 2500 copies.
6. Komarov V. L.
   Genus 356 Willow - Salix L. // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.; L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936. - T. 5 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. — P. 196-197. - 762, XXVI p. — 5175 copies.
7. Willow of Babylon
   (English): information on the GRIN website. (Date accessed: October 10, 2010)
8. Pavlov N.V.
   Plant raw materials of Kazakhstan. - USSR Academy of Sciences, 1947.
9. Babylonian willow
   : information on the website “Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants” (Access date: October 10, 2010)

Druid horoscope

March 1 - March 10; September 3 – September 12

With its songful, melancholic beauty, Willow is very attractive and unique. Even if only appearance determines the basis of her charm (especially if Iva is a woman), you feel something mysterious in her. She is full of unclear thoughts, unconscious desires, which sometimes she herself cannot define.

Very sensitive, loves the warmth of the sun and being near water. Reacts to all smells and tastes. Like no one else, he can use momentary joys and not deny himself any of them.

You should not trust Willow’s outward meekness. Contrary to her, she is businesslike and decisive, she knows well what she wants. She never imposes anything on anyone, because she has a developed sense of respect and no desire to command.

In feelings she is more romantic than sentimental. Loves sensual pleasures, brings a poetic coloring to them. Willow does not like everyday, colorless feelings.

She has artistic abilities, intuition and a rich imagination. Sometimes she is a good psychologist, which, with a certain insight, allows her to guess other people's thoughts and desires.

Her life could have been completely calm if not for the excessive attraction to love suffering. However, her complaints should not be taken seriously: feelings that are not embellished with suffering are not valued by her.

Traits of those born under the sign of Willow: intuition, rich imagination.

Literature

• Komarov V. L.
  Genus 356 Willow - Salix L. // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.; L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936. - T. 5 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. — P. 196-197. - 762, XXVI p. — 5175 copies.
• Rabotnov T. A.
  Salix babylonica - Babylonian willow // Forage plants of hayfields and pastures of the USSR: in 3 volumes / ed. I. V. Larina. - M.; L.: Selkhozgiz, 1951. - T. 2: Dicotyledons (Chloranthaceae - Legumes). - P. 12. - 948 p. — 10,000 copies.
• Sokolov S. Ya.
  Genus 2. Willow - Salix L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov. - M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1951. - T. II. Angiosperms. - P. 167. - 612 p. — 2500 copies.

The healing properties of Willow

A decoction of Willow bark relieves rheumatic pain and is also used to treat colds and reduce fever.

Willow bark is rich in tannins, therefore it is used in the manufacture of medicines with disinfectant and antipyretic properties. In addition, the bark has a diuretic and diaphoretic effect.

Salicin (translated from Latin as “willow”) is also obtained from the bark of this tree. Salicin is the basis of aspirin.

Preparations from willow bark also have hemostatic properties. For inflammatory processes of the skin and abscesses, an ointment made from crushed bark and a fat base is used.

For thrombophlebitis, take foot baths from Willow decoction.

Dandruff, itching and hair loss are troubles that can be dealt with by a decoction of Burdock and Willow bark.

However, you should not overuse Willow decoctions due to the large amount of tannins in its bark.

Literature[edit | edit code]

• U. Reuter, “Die Kultur der Eiche u. W eide etc.” (1875);
• Coaz, "La culture des osiers" (1879);
• Schmid, “Die Anpflanzung und Behandlung der Korb— und Bandweiden” (1883);
• Resch, “Die Kultur der Band— und Flechtweiden” (1884);
• Schulzen, "Korbweiden-Kultur" (1584);
• Kràhe, "Lehrbuch der rationellen Korbweidencultur" (1886),
• Dochnahl, "Die Band - und Flechtweiden" (1887),
• Brinckmeier, "Anleitung zur Anzucht und Cultur der Korbweiden" (1888);
• Augustinovich, “Culture of the basket willow” (“Forest Journal”, 1878);
• Marakuev, “Cultivation of willow and willow” (1889);
• Genko, “Tallwood farming in the floodplain of the river. Volga" (“Forest Journal” 1880)
• E. E. Kern, “Willow, its meaning, cultivation and use” (1890).

When writing this article, material was used from the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron (1890-1907).
eo:Saliko lt:Gluosnis nah:Huexōtl os:Hæris qu:Sawsi yi:ערבה

Distribution[edit | edit code]

Willows are distributed mainly in cold and temperate countries of the northern hemisphere, but there are very few willows near the tropics. In South Asia, the Malay Archipelago and the South Pacific Islands there is not a single willow tree. The willow appeared on the earth quite early: its imprints can be found already in the Cretaceous formation, and even the current species (S. cinerea, S. alba, S. viminalis) lived in the Quaternary era. In cold countries, willows grow far to the North; these are very low-growing dwarf willows (S. retusa, S. reticulata, S. herbacea, S. polaris); on the mountains, low-growing willows (S. herbacea, etc.) reach the very snow line. The number of individual species of willows can be considered approximately 150. Willows are very prone to the formation of crosses and to the production of varieties, even in the same individual, sometimes, over the years, the shape of leaves, catkins, pubescence, etc. changes. The ability of willows to produce crosses has been confirmed direct experience; The German botanist Wikhura (Die Bastardbefruchtung im Pflanzen erl ä utert an der Bastarden der Weiden, Breslau, 1885) especially worked on the development of this issue, who proved by direct experience (through cross-pollination and cultures) that very complex crosses are possible with willow, that they can form bastards between bastards, and in different ways. Their relationship with the original species is very confusing. It has been noticed that crosses are obtained more easily between closely related species than between distant ones; they are mostly fertile. Due to this ability to produce numerous and varied crosses, due to their variability, dioeciousness and the early flowering of many, the recognition of individual willow species is a rather difficult matter. Back in 1841, the famous botanist Endlicher expressed them this way: “unnumerae Salices mira formarum inconstantia luxuriant, botanicorum crux atque scandalum.”