The appearance of a large number of modern products on the building materials market does not reduce the population’s attachment to wooden buildings and products.
The tree can serve for a long time and flawlessly after carrying out preventive measures. Processing wooden products using one or more technologies guarantees comprehensive protection against many external influences.
Why protect wood?
The wooden base needs timely treatment to prevent environmental damage.
The fact is that high humidity and temperature changes lead to deformation of the fibers. As a result, numerous cracks, chips and traces of rotting products appear on the surface.
There are a number of factors that most often have a negative impact on the performance qualities of wood.
These include:
- High percentage of humidity inside and outside the enclosed space. Wood quickly absorbs moisture particles. As a result, the internal contents turn into a dense sponge. After drying, cracks of various sizes appear, spoiling the appearance of the product. As a result, structures may change their size or become deformed;
- Fungal infection. Mold and fungal microorganisms slowly destroy the internal contents of wood. Their waste products give an unpleasant odor and change the natural shade of the fibers. In addition, a high percentage of toxic compounds that negatively affect the respiratory system are observed in the air masses of the room. Some types of pathogenic microflora are accompanied by the growth of fungal moss. It has a dark tint, which is almost impossible to get rid of at home;
- Exposure to insects. Lack of special treatment causes attacks by pests. They penetrate into the deep layers of wood. Numerous tunnels are laid inside, which reduce the strength coefficient of the material;
- Exposure to fire. The wood structure is highly flammable. Special impregnations make it possible to achieve fire resistance;
- Ultra-violet rays. Solar insolation negatively affects the natural shades of wood. As a result, the beautiful pigment gradually fades, and gray spots form in its place.
Antiquity effect: what is it?
Paradoxically, the more technologically advanced a society is, the more it values antique products. It would seem that with the appearance on the market of a huge range of innovative building materials with which you can build and decorate your home in an ultra-modern style, many people prefer old things.
By the appearance of the front door you can determine the status, level of well-being and personal preferences of the home owners
The Wright (Prairie) style is easily distinguished by its clearly defined lines, flat or hipped roofs with widely projecting eaves, and maximum integration of houses into the surrounding landscape
What styles does the antique effect suit?
- French, Swedish or German;
- Victorian, medieval and Gothic;
- country, baroque, rococo, classicism;
- modern or alpine;
- Russian estate style.
Thanks to the wooden design elements, the super-fashionable industrial loft style does not seem lifeless and gray, but, on the contrary, cozy and stylish
If initially loft-style rooms were rough and sometimes brutal, recently such living rooms have become more and more sophisticated and fashionable.
Although this super fashionable trend is considered bohemian and the most expensive, you can still bring the characteristic elements of this attic style into any room without special expenses. This may be due to the existence of techniques for aging materials.
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How to choose wood protection products
When choosing preparations for wood treatment, it is necessary to take into account several important criteria that affect the performance characteristics of wood products.
These include the following points:
- Layer density. When impregnating wooden products with a special coating, it is important to consider its thickness. If you apply the product in one layer, it will not last more than 2 years. Experts recommend applying 2-4 layers. Some manufacturers guarantee that their treatment product can last more than 15 years. When working with such compositions, it is important to take into account the air temperature, humidity level and application technique;
- Fluid consumption. Budget brands of solution require high consumption. These types of products should not be called economical. To achieve a dense shell, on average, 4 to 8 manipulations will be required. The consumption of a quality product is approximately 250 g per 1 sq.m;
- Manufacturers rating. When choosing protective products, you can read the reviews and position of the manufacturer in the social rating. In this way, it is possible to avoid possible problems when working with the composition;
- Purpose of the mixture. When processing wood, it is important to choose the right protective base. When choosing, you should take into account the location of the wood and its thickness. In this way, it is possible to avoid the appearance of mold and rotting products;
- Volume of active substances. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the composition first. The active substance may be organic or toxic. The first type is recommended for indoor treatment, and the 2nd type is best used for external protection;
Availability of certificates. This documentation is evidence of the quality of the composition for wood processing. If a product does not have such evidence, this indicates a discrepancy in the proportions in the composition.
Forming Sockets and Holes
The formation of oblong sockets and holes, intended mainly for tenon joints, is carried out using chain-slotting machines (DTSA-3 (Russia), GT40S, GT50S, GT60S from CENTAURO, GRIGGIO G-450 (Italy) (Fig. 13)) and drilling machines. grooving (SVPA-2 and SVPG-1I (Russia), TRC-N, TRC-SI, MT-300 RM GROUP (Italy)) machines.
Milling of nests on chain-slotting machines is carried out using a milling chain that has a rectangular shape and rounded corners of the bottom. The smallest dimensions of the nests selected on chain-slotting machines are determined by the corresponding dimensions of the milling chains and guide rulers, the largest in width are determined by the width of the chain, and in length - by the possible amount of longitudinal movement of the machine table.
Rice. 13. Chain-slotting machine CENTAURO G 450
To select small nests, drilling and grooving machines are most often used (Griggio TRC-N (Italy) (Fig. 14), SVPG-1K (Russia), Yuton MDK 4120 B Super (China), etc.). The machines come with manual and mechanical feed. On machines with automatic feed, socket end mills with a diameter of up to 16 mm are used as cutting tools.
The most productive are multi-spindle drilling and grooving machines. Currently, CNC drilling and grooving centers ALFA NC Centauro SpA (Italy) (Fig. 15), SCM CYFLEX F900 PRO SCM Group (Italy) are becoming widespread at large enterprises.
Rice. 14. Drilling and grooving machine Griggio TRC-N
Rice. 15. 3-axis CNC drilling and grooving center ALFA NC Centauro SpA
Drilling of round holes is carried out on single- and multi-spindle vertical, horizontal or vertical-horizontal machines. Vertical machines SVA-2 with manual and SVPA with mechanized feed have become widespread. Modern drilling and filler machines are manufactured according to a scheme with a through passage of the workpiece. The following machines have become widespread in the industry: single-block machines - SCM Advance 21 SCM Group, ALFA 21T VITAR (Fig. 16), ITALMAC Cuspide-21 (Italy), etc.; multi-block - SGVP-1 and SGVP-2 (Russia), FORMA 63 H, SIGMA 2TA, manufactured by VITAR (Italy), ITALMAC Bor H2V4 (Italy) (Fig. 17), etc.; CNC drilling and filler machines MARS900 (SFERA ROSSA, Italy).
Rice. 16. Single-block drilling and filler machine ALFA 21T
Rice. 17. Multi-block drilling and filler machine ITALMAC Bor H2V4
Wood protection technique
There are several comprehensive measures to create a dense shell and prevent pathogenic processes inside the fibers.
These include;
- Smart planning. By taking into account important criteria, it is possible to extend the service life of a wooden structure. For example, it is not recommended to use soft wood in rooms with high humidity. They quickly absorb moisture. The growth of fungi and mold is observed inside them;
- Regular monitoring of the condition of wooden surfaces. Frequent inspection of wooden structures and planes helps prevent large financial investments in the purchase of new elements;
- The right choice of protective equipment. As noted above, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the wood, its location, temperature conditions and humidity levels.
Today, several technologies are known that make it possible to evenly apply preparations for additional protection of the wood surface. They include:
- Use of antiseptics. The compositions include the use of special components that prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microflora on the surface and inside wood fibers. In addition, thanks to such liquids, it is possible to increase adhesion and reduce the volume of coloring components during further processing;
- Canning. This technique is often chosen at production stages. The wood is exposed to high temperature or vacuum.
In this way, the wooden base can be given the desired color and additional strength.
Stages of firing with a gas burner
Below is a step-by-step action plan for firing wood with a gas torch:
- Turn on the burner and wait until the flame is an even blue color and pass it several times over the surface of the wood being treated.
- The burnt surface should be approximately 0.4 cm deep.
- Using a brush or sander, carefully walk along all the fibers so as not to damage the structure of the wood.
- Carefully remove all accumulated soot from the surface of the material.
- Wipe the burnt wood with a soft cloth or napkin.
If you want to get a more textured surface, then you need to repeat the process again.
What products are used for moisture?
If wooden structures are placed indoors with high humidity, the internal base begins to deform. There are several consequences that negatively affect the condition of wood.
These include:
- Reduced operation;
- The appearance of mold;
- Fungus growth and reproduction.
What substances are used to protect against high humidity? The following tools have been developed for this:
- Varnish;
- Oil impregnations;
- Pastas.
They form a dense film on the surface. It repels moisture and preserves the internal contents from destruction.
When choosing a product, it is recommended to take into account the type of wood. For example, for conifers it is best to choose pastes or oil impregnations. For deciduous trees, the best solution would be to choose varnish solutions.
Conclusion
Currently, there are many technologies for protecting wood from the effects of various negative factors. Each of them has its own characteristics, and also gives the tree a certain look. Therefore, the choice depends on individual preferences and the characteristics of the operation of the wooden structure, so in one case the best option may be painting, and in another, treating the wood with paraffin.
You can get some additional useful information on this topic from the video in this article.
Photo instructions for wood processing
Production of wooden bread bins
With the help of imagination and a little effort, such a thing as a bread box can turn from a household item into a highlight of the kitchen. You can master the entire production process from the creation of a workpiece to final processing, or start small. For example, if you live in a large city, you can purchase ready-made blanks in the form of unprocessed boxes. They are usually sold in stores like Leonardo and Leroy Merlin. Having bought handles and a lid there, you can concentrate on perfecting the decor without doing carpentry work for now.
But, naturally, you can reduce the cost of a bread box only by making it yourself. To do this, you will, at a minimum, need a jigsaw, a furniture stapler, wood glue, small nails and screws, canopies and stain. As for the material, plywood or odorless wood is suitable - for bread bins, it is not recommended, for example, to use coniferous wood. Basically, bread bins differ in their doors - they can be hinged, folding or accordion-style, so each of them has its own fittings. To stand out from other bread bins, think about how else it might look. Perhaps it will be a bread chest, the body of a Soviet truck with the inscription “Bread,” or a triangular corner bread box, thanks to which the housewife can save space in the kitchen by pushing it into a corner.
Production of busy boards
Busy boards are educational stands and houses for children from 1 to 4 years old. Busy boards are equipped with various objects such as handles, switches, levers and buttons, with which a child can interact and develop his intelligence in the first years of life. Almost anyone can create business boards if they wish, the main thing is to apply a little imagination. All items can be purchased in hardware stores, art stores, on sites like Aliexpress, or found for almost nothing on classifieds sites. However, you need to ensure that the parts are not too small, sharp or brittle and remember that children will be playing with them.
With a fairly low cost, bodyboards are sold at prices ranging from 2-3 to 10 thousand rubles. The cost depends on the size and content. It is better to promote such products through social networks and the Internet. And also think about advertising in places where mothers with children flash and walk - in parks, on courtyards, in the entrances of new buildings where young families move in, and so on. You can start such a business with about 125 thousand rubles available. More detailed information about the busy board manufacturing business can be found here.
