Robínia pseudoacácia is native to North America. Now it can be found in different parts of the planet, in places with a temperate climate. Popular in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, some parts of Africa, Asia. In Russia, the first seeds of white stock fell into the ground in 1804. Since then, this tree has been decorating city parks and summer cottages in our country.
If you happen to be in Paris, take a look at Viviani Square, on the left bank of the Seine. There, above a modest sign with the inscription "1602", stretch the branches of the oldest tree in Paris - the black locust.
Appearance
- White acacia is a large tree that can grow up to 30-35 m, but the average height is usually 20-25 m.
- It has a powerful root system , which makes it the best tree for creating shelterbelts.
- The trunk is cut with deep grooves, the color is dark (gray or brown). Its width sometimes reaches one meter.
- The crown of the acacia tree is thick and spreading, appearing lacy due to the odd-pinnate leaves.
- Each leaf , 10-25 cm long, consists of 9-19 elliptical leaflets.
- flowers are not only white, but also soft pink. The bowing clusters of inflorescences emit a pleasant aroma, for which acacia is so loved.
- The fruits of white acacia are oblong-shaped beans of a brown hue.
The earlier spring begins, the warmer it is, the sooner the acacia will bloom. It usually begins to bloom between mid-May and mid-June and continues for 2-3 weeks.
Recipes for medicines from flowers
When preparing preparations from white acacia, you must strictly adhere to the recommended dosages. Excess can lead to poisoning with the alkaloid robinine, and a decrease will reduce the effectiveness of the medicine.
It is better to buy raw materials for medicines at a pharmacy
Women with inflammatory diseases of the genital organs and uterine fibroids can take a decoction of white acacia flowers. To prepare it, you need to pour a tablespoon of dried raw material into two glasses of water and boil, and then simmer over low heat for another two minutes. After cooling, strain the broth and, if necessary, bring it to the original volume by adding boiled water. You should take this medicine a full tablespoon 3-4 times daily, always half an hour before meals.
For infertility, an alcohol tincture is prepared. To do this, 10 grams of fresh flowers are poured with 10 grams of high-quality vodka and left for 10 days. Take the tincture three times a day, dissolving 20 drops in a tablespoon of water.
In many cultures, Acacia is considered a symbol of victory over death, but not because of its healing properties, but because of its dense and durable wood.
For diarrhea and flatulence, you need to take a tablespoon of dried flowers, place it in a thermos and pour one and a half cups of boiling water into it. After infusing for two hours, the resulting liquid is strained and drunk daily 3-4 times, a third of a glass.
Choosing a place and time for landing
Growing Robinia pseudoacacia is a feasible task even for novice gardeners. The main thing is to remember 2 points about her preferences.
- The tree loves a lot of sun.
- The tree does not like a lot of water.
If your site is located near a swamp, if your territory is predominantly shady, then alas. It will not be possible to grow white acacia in such conditions.
The future tree is planted in open ground in the spring. This must be done before the buds open. If you plant in the fall , then low temperatures and high moisture content in the soil can harm the delicate roots of Robinia.
Content
- 1 Title
- 2 Distribution and ecology
- 3 Botanical description 3.1 Appearance
- 3.2 Leaves
- 3.3 Flowers
- 3.4 Fruits
- 3.5 Flowering and fruiting
- 4.1 Workpiece
- 6.1 Application in green farming
- 8.1 Taxonomy
We plant on the site
When purchasing white acacia seedlings, make sure that the seedling has grown in the container in which it is sold.
This is easy to determine: if the roots of the plant are visible through the drainage holes, then everything is fine. And the appearance should please: not a thin trunk, even branching, a developed root system. The planting hole should be comparable to the size of the root system. Please note that the roots will first grow deeper and only then expand. Dense soil must be loosened in advance, drainage up to 20 cm should be poured into the bottom of the hole. Add compost and sand to the removed soil so that the resulting planting mixture does not become too greasy. Season the mixture with calcareous materials (crushed limestone, ash or others), mix them well with the soil.
After planting, water the seedlings well, and at first monitor the moisture level.
Application
Acacia is an ornamental plant that is usually planted as a hedge. Some of its species, due to their dense root system, are also planted to strengthen the soil.
Another area of application is cosmetology and perfumery. In this case, we mean Chinese acacia. Often the flowers of this plant are used to create a fragrant oil that has a number of relaxing and healing properties.
The fact that acacia is widely used in folk medicine deserves special attention. Decoctions and infusions are often created from it to cope with a large number of ailments.
Caring for white acacia
Although Robinia is not a whimsical representative of the plant world, timely care will prolong the joy of contemplating this beautiful plant. The following tips will help you care for her properly.
- Be prepared to maintain a warm and humid microclimate.
- Protect your seedling from proximity to weed plants. Those with long roots are especially dangerous.
- Do not plant flowers that need deep tillage next to acacia.
- The first few years after planting, insulate the seedlings during the winter. Peat or dry leaves are suitable for this purpose. Covering layer – 10 cm.
- 3 years after planting, start feeding the tree with complex mineral fertilizers.
- Don't trim unnecessarily! Branches frozen in winter are removed after flowering.
In the first years of life, the seedling gains about a meter in height every year. Then the pace slows down a little. White acacia lives up to 50 years.
Acacia honey
Anyone who has ever tried acacia honey will confirm that it has no bitterness and has a light vanilla aftertaste. Its peculiarity is the ability to remain in a liquid state for a long time. After about a year, this honey begins to turn into a delicate, fine-grained mass of snow-white or yellow color.
From a nutritional point of view, this is a very healthy product. Acacia honey contains approximately 40% fructose and 30% glucose, as well as many vitamins, enzymes and microelements . It also contains a lot of phenolic acids, such as p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic and t-cinnamic. Acacia honey contains a large amount of abscisic acid and free flavonoids, such as pinobaxin, pinocembrin, crisin, apigenin, acacetin.
Reproduction
White acacia can be propagated both by seeds and root suckers. If you buy seeds in a store, remember that they remain viable for 3 years. See the deadline for implementation.
Before planting, the seeds should be soaked in hot water and left there until they cool. Wet seeds are sown in boxes to a depth of 1-2 cm. In May, the seedlings are transferred to a greenhouse. In mid-June it needs to be planted in the soil at a distance of 25 cm.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Robinia pseudoacacia species
is part of the genus
Robinia
of the subfamily Faboideae
of
the family Fabaceae
of
the order
Fabales
.
| three more families (according to the APG III System): Ithodaceae, Quillaiaceae and Surianaceae | about 470 more births | |||||||||||||||
| order Leguminosae | subfamily Moths | species Robinia pseudoacacia | ||||||||||||||
| Department Flowering, or Angiosperms | legume family | genus Robinia | ||||||||||||||
| 58 more orders of flowering plants (according to the APG III System) | two more subfamilies: Mimosa and Caesalpiniaceae | about 20 more species, including Robinia adhesive, Robinia New Mexican, Robinia lush, Robinia bristle-haired | ||||||||||||||
Infraspecific taxa
Within the species, a number of varieties are distinguished[21]:
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. pseudoacacia
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) CKSchneid.
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. rectissima Raber
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. umbraculifera DC.
The Plant List database
(2010), in addition to the nominal ones, three names of infraspecific taxa of this species are valid[22]:
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. dependens (Dieck) Rehder
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. pendula (Ortega) Loudon
- Robinia pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) CKSchneid.
Varieties
During breeding work, many varieties were developed that differed in crown structure, shape, color and position of leaves, flower color and flowering duration. Some of them (described as forms)[12]:
They differ in growth form and crown structure:
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. bessoniana (Nichols.) Voss - with a loose spherical crown.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. pendula (Loud.) Rehd. - with weeping branches.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. pyramidalis (Pepin) Rehd. - with a pyramidal crown.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. rehderi (Otto) S.K.Schneid. - with a broadly spherical crown.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. stricta (Loud.) Rehd. - with an ovoid-pyramidal crown.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. tortuosa (DC.) Rehd. - with a wide, flat crown; the trunk and branches are sinuous.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. umbraculifera (DC.) Rehd. - with a dense spherical crown.
They differ in the shape, color and position of the leaves, as well as the presence of spines:
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. amorphaefolia (Loud.) Rehd. -leaves are narrow, oblong.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. argenteo-variegata (Kirchn.) S.K.Schneid. - leaves with white stripes.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. aurea (Kirchn.) Rehd. — the leaves, especially when blooming, are golden-green.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. aureo-variegata (K.Koch) S.K.Schneid. - leaves with a golden-yellow border.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. coluteoides (Neum.) Rehd. - leaves no longer than 10 cm, leaflets up to 18 mm long, 11 mm wide; blooming profusely.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. crispa (DC.) Rehd. - leaves are narrow, wavy along the edges; without thorns.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. inermis (Mirb.) Rehd. - almost without thorns.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. microphylla (Loud.) Rehd. -leaflets are lanceolate, small, approximately equal to half the size of the leaflets of the main form.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. myrtifolia (K.Koch) Rehd. - leaves are no longer than 10 cm, the leaves are very small, almost round.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. purpurea (Dipp.) Rehd. - leaves are purple when blooming, later brownish-green.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. rozynskiana (Spath) Rehd. - leaves 25-45 cm long, drooping.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. unifoliola (Talou) Rehd. - with one large leaf up to 7 cm long and 3 cm wide.
They differ in the color of the flowers and the duration of flowering:
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana (Carr.) Voss - with pale pink flowers.
- Robinia pseudoacacia f. semperflorens (Carr.) Voss - flowering continues throughout the summer.
How is a tree useful? Medicinal properties of white acacia
White acacia is used as an antipyretic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, hemostatic and diuretic. Infusions, tinctures and decoctions are made from the flowers, bark and leaves of this tree.
Preparations based on the plant are prescribed for viral diseases, joint problems, constipation, ulcers, women's diseases, and bladder diseases. Use any medications only after a precise doctor’s prescription!
White acacia is the most beautiful representative of the flora world. Plant it in your garden, and every summer will begin with the flowering and fragrance of this tree.
Acacia is known for the variety of its species, about the most beautiful of them our articles are about Yellow, Pink, Black, Tannic, Silver, Silk and Sand.
Spreading
The plant exists in approximately 20 varieties, which are generally distributed throughout Central and North America. It has been grown in European countries since the 17th century. At first, Robinia was used to decorate the royal garden in Paris, then it began to be cultivated in other places and countries, including Russia. Thus, thanks to their properties and unpretentiousness, seedlings can be planted in regions of Russia with a colder climate.
Photo
Next you can see a photo of a flowering black locust tree:
Growing Robinia
The winter hardiness of different specimens of white acacia varies widely: from strongly freezing, bushy, never flowering plants to powerful trees that flower annually.
In Moscow you can find many regularly flowering white acacias that can withstand winter frosts and air pollution. By the way, with age, plants’ resistance to adverse winter factors increases.
White acacia is light-loving, but can also tolerate partial shade. It prefers light soils, develops poorly in compacted and undrained soils, and does not tolerate stagnant water. It has little demands on soil fertility and itself remarkably improves them, enriching them with nitrogen. Resistant to soil salinity, gases and smoke. Thanks to its branched root system, it resists strong winds and is drought-resistant.
Literature
- Artamonov V.
Robinia // Science and life: magazine. - 1991. - No. 6. - P. 158-160. - Vinogradova Yu. K., Mayorov S. R., Khorun L. V.
Black Book of the Flora of Central Russia (Alien Plant Species) / Responsible. ed. Yu. Yu. Dgebuadze, scientific. ed. A. S. Demidov; RAS; Ch. botanical garden named after N.V. Tsitsina. - M.: GEOS, 2009. - 494 p. — (Alien species of Russia). — ISBN 978-8-89119-487-9. - Gorshkova S. G.
Rod *. Robinia - Robinia // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.; L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1945. - T. 11 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin. - pp. 305-310. — 432 p. — 4000 copies. - Gubanov I.A. et al.
818.
Robinia pseudoacacia
L. - Robinia pseudoacacia, or White acacia // Illustrated guide to plants of Central Russia. In 3 volumes - M.: Scientific T. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. research, 2003. - T. 2. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: separate-petalled). - P. 461. - ISBN 9-87317-128-9. - Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring plants: Handbook / Responsible. ed. K. M. Sytnik. - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1989. - 304 p. — 100,000 copies. — ISBN 5-12-000483-0. - Illustrated guide to plants of the Leningrad region / Ed. A. L. Budantseva and G. P. Yakovleva. - M.: Partnership of Scientific Publications KMK, 2006. - 339 p. — ISBN 5-87317-260-9..
- Lesnov P.A.
False and real acacia // Chemistry and life: journal. - 1980. - No. 4. - P. 40-41. - Maznev N.I.
Encyclopedia of medicinal plants. — 3rd ed., rev. and additional.. - M.: Martin, 2004. - 496 p. — 10,000 copies. — ISBN 5-8475-0213-3. - Pelmenev V.K., Koblev S.Yu.
Spring honey plants: journal. - 1975. - No. 1. - P. 34-35. - Radaeva E. N.
White acacia is the most important spring honey plant // Beekeeping: magazine. - 1955. - No. 4. - P. 35-40. - Rudnyanskaya E.I.
Pollen plants of the legume family // Beekeeping: journal. - 1982. - No. 9. - P. 16-17. - Sokolov S. Ya., Shipchinsky N. V.
Genus 36. Robinia - Robinia // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov. - M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1958. - T. IV. Angiosperms. Family Legumes - Pomegranates. - pp. 147-156. — 976 p. — 2500 copies. - Tkachenko G.V., Shpakov V.M.
Honey conveyor for the south of Ukraine // Beekeeping: magazine. - 1974. - No. 10. - P. 8-10.
Notes
- For the convention of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons”.
- Plant life. In 6 volumes. Ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan. - M.: Education, 1981. - T. 5., part 2 - P. 200.
- White acacia // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
- Distribution and ecology
- Gorshkova, 1945.
- Robinia pseudoacacia
The Plant List
database (2010, Version 1). (English) (Accessed: January 20, 2013) - ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Plotnikova L. S.
Trees and shrubs near us. - M.: Nauka, 1994. - P. 124. - 175 p. — ISBN 5-02-004387-7. - Prof.
A. Kerner von Marilaun. Plants and people / Transl. from last German ed., ed. ed. Aleksandrova T. F. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Electric Printing House, 1902. - P. 82. - 107 p. - Les arbres remarquables à Paris Archived August 6, 2011 on the Wayback Machine. (French) // Mairie de Paris
- Maznev, 2004, p. 62.
- Vatolin D.
About honey and not only about it // Science and life. - 2008. - No. 11. - P. 124. - ↑ 12
Sokolov, Shipchinsky, 1958. - Pelmenev, Koblev, 1975, p. 34.
- Tkachenko, Shpakov, 1974, p. 9.
- Rudnyanskaya, 1982, p. 17.
- Vinogradova, 2009, p. 43.
- Vinogradova, 2009, p. 33.
- Vinogradova, 2009, p. 36.
- Vinogradova, 2009, p. 15.
- Vinogradova, 2009, p. 441.
- According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- Robinia pseudoacacia
The Plant List
database . (English) (Accessed: January 4, 2013)
