This tree has become a real decoration of the parks. It has large patterned leaves that have five sharp points. It is beautiful at any time of the year, but is especially noticeable in autumn. Maple leaves come in a variety of colors, from traditional yellow to crimson. It is impossible to take your eyes off the tree, it becomes so elegant. It is from maple leaves that people most often collect beautiful autumn bouquets in the fall.
My message will tell you more about this plant.
Description
This tree grows up to 40 meters in height.
Maple has many advantages. He is not afraid of the cold. And this is very important for the tree. In our northern regions, this property helps it survive the severest frosts.
Maple is also drought resistant. Many trees dry out without water. This is both poplar and willow. And a maple can live a long time without water.
It also grows very quickly. In one year, its shoots grow by almost a meter. Maple grows very well next to oak and ash. We can say that they are friendly with each other.
Its wood is white with shades of red-brown or yellow.
In spring, trees are among the first to awaken. With melted snow, water rises from the ground to the branches. When you want to taste maple sweet sap, simply make a cut in the tree and use any container.
names of Maple
The Latin name for this magnificent tree is "Acer", which means "sharp".
The first mentions of Maple appeared in chronicles in the 15th century in the Old Church Slavonic language. Cognate words are found in Polish, Croatian and Scandinavian languages, so it is not possible to accurately judge the roots of the origin of the word.
The Lesny team proposed the following hypothesis for the origin of the name of this tree.
Maple is nothing more than a modified word “Wedge”. Since this fragile-looking tree is stronger than oak in its properties, it was used for splitting stumps and as a wedge. It is quite possible that thanks to these features Maple received its modern name.
Reproduction
Maple fruits resemble propellers, only small ones. They are called lionfish. During leaf fall, winged seeds hang on the tree for a very long time.
The wind scatters them around and falls to the ground. Some of them will sprout in the spring. And a new tree will grow, powerful and beautiful. This is how this plant reproduces.
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Where does it grow
Maple grows throughout the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth. About 20 plant species are known in Russia, the most common of which are:
- Norway maple;
- Tatar;
- field;
- white.
Japanese maple is listed in the Red Book of Russia.
In the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth, only one species grows - laurel.
Variety of species
There are many varieties of this type of vegetation around the globe. The report about maple tells about the most popular species. Among them:
- White;
- Holly;
- Field;
- American;
- Black;
- Tatar.
The white variety has several names - false sycamore and sycamore . This slender tree-like plant grows up to 30 meters, its top is decorated with a lush crown in the shape of a tent. The leaf is dark green on one side and whitish on the other. Grows in the southern regions of Russia, Ukraine, and Europe.
Holly is the most popular species, widespread in the central zone of the Russian Federation.
The report on Norway maple provides a brief description of several of its varieties, which have different leaf colors.
For example, the Drummondi species has pink-colored young foliage that becomes creamy over time. Another unusual variety, Rod Royal, is covered with red leaves throughout the growing season.
Field varieties are classified as shrubby plants. It has small, inconspicuous inflorescences and a spherical crown. In the wild it grows on different soils and tolerates cold, short periods of drought and wind.
The American type grows in some areas of North America and is the symbol of one of the states. It produces a very sweet juice, from which the syrup of the same name is produced. It feels comfortable in cold climate zones, has a powerful trunk with dark bark and a lush spreading crown.
The black look is considered one of the most beautiful and unusual. It grows near bodies of water on the North American continent.
The leaves of this tree are dark burgundy in color, their shape can be five-fingered or three-fingered, and the sharp ends are always lowered.
Tatarian or black maple has the form of a large shrub up to 9 meters high. The ripening fruits are rich red in color and are clearly visible against the background of green finger-shaped leaves. The bark color is dark brown.
Often used as a decorative decoration in local areas.
Maple sap
A person gets delicious syrup from maple. And when it is condensed using a certain technology to the consistency of butter, the resulting sweetness is tasty and healthy.
But man is not alone in his desire to eat. This juice has long been appreciated by birds and animals. The woodpecker, in order to get to the sweet, makes a hole in the bark with its beak, and the squirrel simply bites through it. This does not harm the tree at all. These wounds are small and heal quickly.
Medicinal properties of maple
The shoots and leaves of Maple are at the same time a choleretic, diuretic and antiseptic.
The well-known Maple juice is used in the treatment of scurvy, atherosclerosis, as well as to strengthen the immune system in case of vitamin deficiency and to restore the nervous system.
A decoction of maple leaves is taken for kidney stones and inflammatory liver diseases.
For deep abrasions, ulcers and cuts, fresh crushed maple leaves will help restore the skin and enhance the effects of antiseptics.
Maple seeds and flowers are a good remedy against intestinal and stomach disorders.
Symbol of Canada
The maple leaf is featured on the national flag of Canada. But he did not appear there right away. There is a legend about this. In 1860, the Canadian city of Toronto was going to host the Prince of Wales. Residents of the city with national symbols in their hands were preparing to welcome the guest. The English emigrants held roses in their hands. The Scots prepared thistle branches. The symbol of Canada at that time was the beaver. People couldn't carry these animals in their hands. Then the Canadians were asked to bring maple leaves to this meeting. The leaf then adorned the country's flag and became a symbol of a united nation.
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Image of Maple
The forest is a rich kingdom with its rulers and subjects. And if such trees as Oak and Cedar are called to be kings, then Maple can rightfully become a joker and a harlequin in their domain.
Smiling widely, juggling with many hands, the Maple tree flares up until it disappears in a brown fire, to be the first to come to life again next year.
Fire Maple has always been a symbol of pure energy, a source of goodness and peace of mind. “Yavor” in Russian scriptures, he brought magic to village fairy tales and epics to the difficult village life.
In which natural zone does pine grow?
Pines grow in the following natural zones:
- Forests in the temperate zone. The characteristic location is the Eurasian continent. There are many taiga regions with a warm, humid climate. The trees take root well, much better than in tundra conditions. The soil is predominantly podzolic, it is also suitable for spruce, pine and fir;
- Mixed forest. Located in western Eurasia. Characterized by podzolic, turfy soils. In addition to pines, there are other varieties of conifers - pine and spruce;
- Monsoon forest with variable humidity. The zone is formed where monsoon winds often blow. This is mainly southeast Eurasia. It has a predominantly subequatorial or subtropical climate, which alternates with temperate climatic conditions. Pines grow together with spruce and firs.
Gas resistance of trees and plants.
It has been established that not all tree and shrub species respond equally to air pollution. Some types are more resistant to gases, others less so. This property must also be taken into account when selecting plants for landscaping a particular area.
Currently, not all tree and shrub species have been tested for gas resistance. Among those studied, the most gas-resistant include prickly and Engelman spruce, white acacia, ailanthus, privet, three-spined honey locust, white dogwood, Tatarian honeysuckle, brilliant cotoneaster, Pennsylvania maple, Tatarian and ash-leaved, gooseberry, oleaster, mahonia, pomegranate, mackerel, golden currant, middle billiard spirea, Canadian poplar, gray, black, mulberry, comb, sophora.
The least resistant to gases were yellow acacia, downy birch, horse chestnut, Norway maple, common spruce, sea buckthorn, downy sumac, common lilac, common pine, common rowan, common ash and Manchurian.
Selection of planting material for landscaping.
First of all, when choosing trees, importance is attached to the climatic region, soil conditions, and attitude to air humidity. Attention is also paid to the biological compatibility of plants already existing in a given area and planned for planting. Mixing different species should be aimed at creating biostable plant communities, when trees do not have a detrimental effect on each other, but promote the growth and decorativeness of species and species located nearby. For example, deciduous secretions of birch have a negative effect on the photosynthesis pine , but have a positive effect on oak. Micro-soil conditions are also taken into account for trees; on dry soils, pine successfully competes with birch, and on wet soils birch , since pine is less demanding of moisture than birch. In addition, the harmful effect of birch on pine ceases if the distance between them increases from 5 to 7 m.
In what natural zone does oak grow?
Oak is a characteristic plant of the natural zone located in Eurasia. It can be found in the following areas:
- Mixed forest zone. This is mainly Western Eurasia. The typical soil is podzolic, soddy. Pines, spruces, aspens, birches, and oaks can grow here. The fauna is represented by taiga animals, hares, and roe deer. In mixed forests, hazel grouse, siskins, tits and woodpeckers prefer to live - a forest class of birds;
- Regions of hard-leaved, evergreen forests. A characteristic type of oak is cork oaks. The branches and trunk of the tree are covered with corks. Their thickness reaches five centimeters;
- Broad-leaved forest. For such a forest to exist, a climate zone with warm weather is required. You can find this natural area only in Western Europe. Broad-leaved forests are characterized by the growth of beech, oak, hornbeam, ash, maple, and linden. Soil type – forest, brown;
- Monsoon forest zone with variable humidity. Monsoons blow in the southeast of the Eurasian continent, contributing to the formation of this natural zone. Maples, lindens, firs, oaks, and walnuts grow here;
- Forest-steppe. The steppe is famous for its oak groves, which are complemented by maple, linden, and birch. It is located in the western regions of the continent of Eurasia.
Reinforcing landscaping.
Landscaping is one of the effective ways to strengthen the banks of reservoirs, steep slopes and shifting sands, ravines, and slopes. But not all plants can be successfully used for these purposes. Only those species and forms of plants that have a root system that produces a large number of suckers are capable of fixing the soil. This property of some plants is taken into account when selecting species for creating plantings for these purposes.
These plants include: field maple, Tatarian maple, ailanthus, white alder (gray), serviceberry, amorpha, steppe bean, Manchurian aralia (devil's tree, thorn tree), bearberry, barberry, juzgun, heather, yellow acacia, steppe birch , hornbeam, hickory, sweet cherry, sowberry, common and Mongolian hazel, cotoneaster, hawthorn, two-color broom, angustifolia, speedwell, euonymus, honey locust, gooseberry, bunduk, silver sage (chingil), sea buckthorn, tree juniper, red, Japanese keria, wild rosemary, privet, wolfberry, mahonia holly.
