Construction of a house or other structure involves the use of wood. They not only build houses from wood, but also make various structures for them, such as windows, doors, window sills, rafter systems, floors, etc. If pre-treatment of wood is not carried out before the manufacture of such elements of buildings and structures, then such structures will prematurely affected by wood-boring beetles. This beetle is also called the longhorn beetle, as well as the shawl.
You can determine the presence of a longhorn beetle if you listen carefully to the sounds. If an unpleasant rustling sound, in the form of a squeak, comes from the thickness of the wood, then this is the first sign that the wooden structures are collapsing. It is not the beetle itself that is particularly dangerous, but its larvae. During their stay in the thickness of the wood, they gnaw rather long passages, turning the wood into dust. The sooner you start fighting shashel, the greater the chance that the house will last for many years.
Description of the insect
Four types of beetles live in heated rooms: furniture beetles, house beetles, grain beetles, barbel beetles, and, less commonly, bark beetles.
Characteristic features of grinder beetles:
- an elongated body (from 3 to 10 mm) of a cylindrical shape with a relatively small head; hard wings, covered with a hard chitinous shell with hairs; three pairs of five-segmented legs; antennae of different lengths; color in brownish tones with reddish, greenish-yellow shades.
Adult beetles crawl out of their nests only during the breeding season.
The main function of an adult beetle is mating and laying eggs by females. They do not live long, from one to three weeks. One female lays from 40 to 200 eggs per clutch, depending on the species. The main damage to wood is caused by larvae. From the first minute of their appearance, they begin to actively eat the tree. It takes from one to three years before pupation. During the day, the larva makes passages up to 3 mm in the tree.
Nutrition
The larvae of beetles mainly feed on cellulose in wood and paper. One of the types, bread, is found in food products: dry bread, cereals, dried fruits, pasta. Some species prefer dry wood, others wet. The population of wood grinder beetles causes significant damage to structures and wood products, literally eating it away from the inside, turning it into dust.
Life cycle and reproduction
The danger of grinder beetles is that they have a long biological life cycle, up to three years. The adult individual (imago) of the beetle grinder can be seen only in the warm season in May-June, when it gets out of the nest and mates. Caterpillars inside wood can live from three years to 15–17 years. Periodically, if the temperature fluctuates downwards, it goes into suspended animation.
Cycle:
- Eggs. The female beetle grinder lays eggs in cracks, crevices, and in nests that the female makes. They are whitish or transparent in appearance, 1–1.5 mm long. The clutch of eggs contains symbiotic microorganisms, they help the larvae digest cellulose. Larvae. They begin to appear at about 7–12 days. The shape resembles a semi-rolled white worm (3–4 mm). Most have several pairs of short, prehensile legs that help them move along the aisles. Pupa of a beetle grinder. An adult individual is formed from it in 2–3 years. Before transformation, the larva stops eating for several days. The pupa has enough accumulated nutrients.
The optimal temperature for reproduction is +28 – +30°C. If a similar temperature regime is maintained in the house, then certain types of grinder beetles can crawl out and reproduce all year round.
This is interesting. Getting rid of woodworm is difficult. All individuals of the biological chain spend most of their time inside the structures of a log house or hut.
Borer beetles can also be detected by the characteristic sound inside a wooden structure. Before mating, the male lightly hits his head against the walls of the passage. This is a conditioned signal for the female, reminiscent of the ticking of a clock mechanism.
What harm does a grinder do?
Definitely wood bugs in an apartment (the photo will help determine the type of pest) - this is unpleasant, but how dangerous is it for humans? In fact, insects do not pose a serious threat to people, but they cause discomfort primarily through activated activity after dark.
In addition, beetles seriously damage wood, so rooms with an abundance of wooden furniture and natural floors automatically fall into the risk zone. The appearance of uninvited “guests” in the house will lead to serious damage to products and a violation of the integrity of the interior, as a result.
Varieties of wood-boring beetles and harmfulness
The species of grinder beetles, while fundamentally similar, differ in their preferences in food, its types, and living conditions. They also have characteristic external signs.
Longhorn beetle
Their favorite habitat is the trunks of fallen trees, mostly coniferous. Distinctive features of the imago: body length up to 3.5 cm, long whiskers up to 7 cm. Black color with a greenish tint, with whitish down on the tips of the wings. The female lays only one to three eggs, but the larva lives, develops, and sharpens wood for 3 years.
Grinder beetle
Borer beetles are shy insects. At the first sign of danger, it freezes and imitates a dead insect. For this property they are called “pretenders”. The chitinous hood and elytra are brown-red in color, body length is up to 5 mm. Borer beetles mate in late spring and early summer and can fly far from the nest.
One female makes several clutches, the number of eggs is 100–130. The larvae are 2–3 mm, voracious, destroy the tree from the inside, and make long passages in it. They sharpen wooden furniture, books, structures, and dry food. A colony of borers can cause significant damage.
Bark beetle
The name of the beetle indicates that it settles under the bark of a tree. Body length up to 5–8 mm, head elongated, almost merging with the body. Females make several clutches of 70–80 eggs per year.
If a hut or bathhouse is built of logs and there is a bark beetle infested there, then a year is enough for the structure to become unusable. When the first signs of the appearance of borer beetles are detected, it is necessary to urgently take measures to combat it. The bark must be removed from wood before it can be used as a building material.
Furniture sharpener
Chashel are small brownish bugs, 3–9 mm. The female lays up to three hundred eggs. As soon as the larva is born, it makes a small hole and goes deep into the thickness of the wood. It does not drill through holes, so at first you may not notice the appearance of grinder beetles.
The voracious caterpillars live in favorable conditions for years before turning into chrysalises. The tunnels that the shawl gnaws are filled with wood dust. They destroy any wooden structure, from wooden beams to furniture. There are two types: house and furniture.
Bread grinder
Small grinder beetles, with a body length of up to 4 mm, brownish in color. Found in all dry foods, herbs, tea, tobacco. They eat food and bugs. They are fertile, the female lays 120–140 eggs. Larvae (4–5 mm) can live for several days, and in favorable conditions for several years. The cocoon for the pupa is made from small particles of products. Small bugs fly out during the mating period; you can see them on the kitchen windowsill. If small holes appear on grocery bags, they should be thrown away along with the person possessed.
Not effective methods
Treatment with fog generators
Also, many one-day companies with fake seals and not registered offer to treat houses from bark beetles, borers, longhorned beetles and other pests with hot fog generators ( they pass this off as fumigation or aeration with insecticides ).
As a rule, insecticides used for such types of work are cheap analogues or products not intended for this type of pest ! When treating your home with fog generators, the fine dust that is formed during the operation of the generator will settle on all surfaces of your home, because Fogging agents such as glycerin or petroleum jelly are also used. You will be tired of scrubbing and washing your home after poor quality treatment.
In addition, the larvae of longhorned beetles, wood borers and bark beetles, in case of danger, clog their passages with feces and sawdust; the fog simply will not reach them and after a while the problem will resume . You can find out more about the principle of operation of the generator on this page about the hot fog generator
Wood injection
There is also a method of injection, in this case a specialist makes a hole in the wood with a millimeter drill and then injects the drug into it with an insulin needle. Because the tree is already dead and is unable to carry the current of water, resins and nutrients; the product must be drilled and injected literally every 3 centimeters.
Needless to say, your home is completely saturated with chemicals, the persistent smell of which will accompany you for many years . The whole tree will be riddled with many small holes, which will not add beauty. In addition, this method is extremely time-consuming and very expensive.
Causes and signs of pest appearance
The main reason for its appearance is the use of low-quality wood that has not been treated with impregnations against borer beetles. Over time, the protective layer loses its properties. During the mating period, beetles fly to other wooden structures and make new clutches. It is necessary to periodically inspect surfaces and protect wood from woodworms. Impregnate periodically with a new layer of insecticides.
Signs of the appearance of grinder beetles:
- small holes on the surface of wooden structures, furniture; the appearance of wooden pollen, similar in color to mustard powder; rustling, tapping inside the solid wood in the evening, at night; a characteristic odor from insect secretions, insect pheromones; if you remove the outer layer, you can see grooves , larval passages.
You need to start exterminating beetles immediately, as soon as the first signs appear.
Tap the wood, the sound is different. In a healthy tree it is dull, in a damaged tree it is louder, due to the presence of voids. Pollen will begin to fall out of small tree holes.
Wood purchasing rules: measures
- When buying a finished structure, you should definitely check it for the presence of bark beetles inside the wood. Multiple small holes and a bluish coating are a good reason to refuse the purchase.
- When choosing material for building a house, you should also carefully check it. An unscrupulous supplier may take advantage of your ignorance and provide contaminated building material.
- A tree with bark is more difficult to check for quality. Pay attention to the ends: there should be no holes, grooves, grooves or other signs of damage.
- The wood must be dry. The beetle is attracted to tree sap; in fact, it feeds on it, therefore, the drier the tree, the lower the risk of buying building material with a “surprise”.
- It is better to immediately treat a newly built house with antiseptics to protect against pests (“Anti-bug”, “Antishashelin”, “Wood healer” and others). The treatment is carried out three times with a break of three days. Remember that the antiseptic does not penetrate into the wood, so this treatment will only be good as a preventive measure.
- The floor, walls, ceiling and ceilings should be inspected periodically. At the slightest hint of the presence of a woodworm, one must take active action.
How to destroy parasites with your own hands?
Only comprehensive measures to combat wood borers will help protect wood from destruction by wood borers.
Folk recipes
Apply when the first signs of damage by grinder beetles appear, with a limited affected area.
Methods of pest control:
- Impregnation of a wooden surface with a concentrated solution of salt. Mixtures with kerosene. Add 3 portions of turpentine to kerosene (distillation of resin secretions from coniferous trees), mix thoroughly. Lubricate the surface in areas with signs of damage. The procedure is repeated several times. Use protective equipment. The mixture is flammable, with a characteristic odor. The second method is to add kerosene to linseed motor oil (the proportion is 3 parts oil, one part kerosene), saturate a wooden surface with the mixture. Vaseline and wax. Vaseline oil is poured into the holes in the wood using a syringe, and they are sealed with wax. Disinfectant, black carbolic acid, naphthalene, and molten resin are taken in equal proportions, mixed, and applied to wooden structures. The method is more suitable for processing construction beams and boards.
Treatment with folk remedies is repeated periodically. If these methods do not give a positive result, they move on to radical methods of combating borer beetles.
Insecticides
Before you fight wood-boring beetles with insecticides, you need to protect your hands, respiratory tract, and eyes.
Conventional products, such as Dichlorvos, are ineffective in combating beetles; the aerosol ends up on the surface. Penetrates into wood in limited quantities.
Preparations:
- "Anti-bug." A complex action product that destroys not only grinder beetles, but also mold and mildew. Does not change the color of wood, therefore it is suitable for processing structural elements of furniture and lumber. Apply to the surface 2 times, with breaks until completely dry. Advantages: affordable price, low toxicity. If wood holes are found on the surface, pour the drug into them with a syringe.
- "Empire 20". A broad-spectrum insecticide in the form of microcapsules, which extends the period of influence on parasites to six months. Low toxicity, leaves no traces. Destroys primarily adult individuals, interrupting the reproduction cycle. The best time for processing is May-June, the mating period of grinder beetles. Spray and wet the contaminated surface.
- "Treetox." A drug for year-round use. Prolonged exposure (up to six months). The tree is treated 3 times, with an interval of 21 days. Lubricate wooden surfaces, insert a syringe into the holes made by the beetles, and seal them with wax.
- "Lingofix I-pro." A new generation of means to combat borers affects the reproduction of insects and affects their growth. Can be processed at any time of the year. It is recommended to disinfect wooden exterior parts after 10 years. One portion of Lingofix I-Pro is diluted in three parts of water before use. After processing and complete drying of the preparation, the surface can be opened with stain, varnish, or paint. In conditions of severe damage to wood, it is injected into holes on the surface. Or drill diagonal holes with a thin drill and pour the diluted drug into it.
- "Belinka belocid." A combined product made from a mixture of alkyd resins and biocides. It is toxic, so spraying is not recommended. Does not change the color of wooden coverings. Used as a prophylactic to protect against the borer beetle. In order to sanitize the affected areas, treat the surface several times and inject it into the wood holes with a syringe. Allow the wood to dry for a week, then repeat the treatment.
Application of dry steam
In a bathhouse or sauna, dry steam is obtained by heating the heater stove to 600–700°C. If you pour water on a hot stove, dry steam is formed. Heating a room with dry steam to a temperature of 85–90°C leads to the death of pests.
Fumigation
Method of fumigating a room with PH3 (hydrogen phosphide). For these purposes, special equipment is required, so it is right to entrust the processing to professionals. The gas is toxic, protective equipment is required. Fumigation is a highly effective remedy that penetrates into all cracks and holes, destroying the entire population of grinder beetles. Treatment lasts 24 hours, ventilation – 2 days.
The second method is fumigation using sulfur bombs (“Pawn-B”). It is better to poison the beetle grinder during the breeding season in May–June.
Microwave
A professional way to exterminate bark beetles. Using a microwave generator, the damaged surface is treated. At temperatures above 60°C, the entire population of grinder beetles dies. The advantage is targeted impact, high efficiency.
Douching
The douching method is based on the introduction of insecticides into the holes made by grinder beetles. In case of deep damage, additional holes are made with a thin drill. After processing, they are sealed with wax.
Heat treatment
The best remedy for woodworms in a wooden house is to freeze it to at least –3°C. The beetle and larvae die at sub-zero temperatures. A good way to control pests in a bathhouse.
Heat the structural elements with a construction hairdryer to a temperature of +45°С ... – 50°С. The larvae and eggs of the borer beetle die.
Treating wood with insecticides
When starting to treat wood with insecticides, it is important to follow safety precautions. Hands, eyes and respiratory organs must be protected . Use rubber gloves, goggles and a respirator for these purposes. When finished, wash your entire body well.
You can get rid of the bark beetle using chemicals containing cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin (“Paragraph”) or organophosphorus compounds. Of the latter, products based on chlorpyrifos (Chlorpirimak, Sichlor, Averfos) and malathion (Karbofos, Fufanon-super, Medilis-malathion) have proven themselves well. But it is worth considering that these are professional insecticides and their use can cause harm.
Treatment with insecticides is carried out from the first ten days of May to mid-June. This is the period of time when beetles emerge from the larvae. After tasting poisoned wood, adult individuals die and the reproduction chain is interrupted .
In July, it is recommended to repeat the treatment to destroy the newly hatched larvae.
Prevention of woodworm occurrence
Preventive measures against the borer beetle are an essential element of protection. These include:
- cleaning the tree from bark; visual inspection of the material; drying the wood in special chambers in the sun.
Treatment of structures with insecticides (such as “Senezh”, “Pinotex”), special impregnations, stains, opening with varnish is an essential element of wood protection.
Borer beetles are dangerous pests. They spend most of their biological cycle inside a wooden structure, so they are difficult to immediately detect. Despite the insidiousness of the pest, there are many effective means to overcome the pest.
Pheromone traps
Despite the widespread popularity of pheromone traps recently, it is still better to use them in the garden rather than in a wooden house . They will help to remove only adult individuals, but in no way affect the larvae .
homemade pheromone trap
This method is very controversial , and has its ardent supporters or opponents. There is an opinion that such traps can lure insects located within a radius of several kilometers: instead of the long-awaited deliverance from unexpected “guests,” their numbers can be increased several times.
