Rosewood: description and application

What is the value of rosewood?

What is the name of the rose tree among the population? It is often also called “Brazil tree” or “Ocotea caudate”.

The average height of the plant is 40 meters, but ruthless deforestation by humans often prevents it from growing to this level. And this is not surprising, because rosewood wood is of very high quality: durable, hard, highly polished, and therefore is in great demand, especially among poachers. The French, appreciating this feature of the plant, made elegant pieces of furniture from its fragrant wood: dressing tables, chests of drawers, cabinets. In the modern world, expensive rosewood is used to make gift items and produce musical instruments.

Planting in open ground

A more convenient and faster way to grow rhododendron is to plant a ready-made seedling.

Selection of seedlings

More often, seedlings from nurseries in Holland and Germany are sold in stores. Varieties of Finnish selection are also valued. They are sold in pots. When purchasing, you need to make sure that the root system of the plant is in order. The earthen ball should be entwined with roots. It’s good if they show threads of mycorrhiza, which allows the roots to absorb nutrients normally. Before purchasing, you need to remove the plant from the pot to make sure everything is in order. The leaves should not have any spots, there should be no mold or white coating on the trunk.

Before purchasing a seedling, it is worth studying the group to which it belongs, its variety and origin (species or hybrid). Also take into account the size of the shrub in adulthood, its frost resistance, and growth rate. Beginning gardeners should not purchase many copies of the plant. It is better to stop at one and make sure that they are capable of growing rhododendron.

Choice of location and lighting

Rhododendrons can grow in almost any area.
The main thing is that it is protected from direct sun and strong wind. It is preferable to choose semi-shaded areas. But some deciduous species can grow in well-lit places. On a note! The culture does not like stagnant moisture. Therefore, you should not plant it in closed lowlands, hollows, wetlands and flooded areas. Groundwater must be at a depth of at least a meter to the surface. The soil for shrubs is loose, well-drained, with a lot of humus and an acidic reaction.

Landing dates

In temperate climates, it is advisable to plant plants with high cold resistance. Spring planting of seedlings can be carried out from April to mid-May. The best time for this in the fall is September. Although you can choose any time during the growing season, except for the flowering period, as well as within 1-2 weeks after it.

Landing rules

Dig a planting hole with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Fill it with a mixture of 3.5 buckets of loam and 8 buckets of high-moor peat. Compact well, then dig a hole equal in size to the root system of the seedling. Place the plant in water before planting and wait until bubbles begin to appear. Place the seedling in the hole, fill it with soil, and compact it well. Do not deepen the root collar. Water the bush generously so that the water saturates the soil to a depth of 20 cm. Cover the trunk area with mulch (peat, pine needles, oak leaves) 5-6 cm thick. If only one rhododendron seedling is planted, it needs to be supported. When the bush takes root well, it can be removed.

The Legend of the Rose Tree

The rose tree, the photo of which conveys all its chic solemn beauty, like almost any plant, has its own legend, which tells how the beautiful Cleopatra, having gone in search of her lover Marco Antonio, ordered the deck of the ship to be rubbed with fragrant rose oil. This action was aimed at ensuring that the Roman, having heard a subtle specific smell, would prepare for a meeting with his long-awaited beloved.

The rose tree got its name from the light aroma of roses: slightly tart, resinous, subtle and charming.

The largest specimen of Ocotea caudatum, called the Lady's Shelter, can be found in Arizona. 150 people – that’s exactly how many a rose tree can accommodate under its crown.

Outdoor care

As with other garden crops, caring for rhododendron includes classic manipulations (watering, weeding, fertilizing, pruning). For the successful development of the shrub, their competent implementation is necessary.

Watering

Correct watering is of great importance. This significantly affects the formation of buds. Only soft water is suitable for irrigation. It can also be acidified and softened with high-moor peat. Add it a day before watering. Acidify the water with oxalic, citric or acetic acid (3 g per 10 liters of water).

During watering, the soil should be saturated with moisture 20-30 cm deep. It is important that there is no stagnation of liquid, otherwise the root system will suffer. The standard watering rate is 1-1.5 buckets of water per adult plant once a week. Young rhododendrons are watered more often, using 5 liters of water per bush. In dry weather, including autumn, the plant's need for water increases. When the air is dry and hot, you can spray the bush.

Feeding and fertilizer

The crop needs to be constantly fed, even if it was planted this season. Fertilizing begins in early spring and ends at the end of July, after flowering ends. First, half-rotted manure is added, it is diluted with water 1:15 and infused for several days. Before fertilizing the bush, it needs to be watered. Mineral compounds are also useful for rhododendron: superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are added in very low concentrations.

Bush formation and pruning

Rhododendrons practically do not need pruning, since their crown contours are regular. Sanitary pruning of dry branches is carried out periodically to rejuvenate the bush. The procedure is carried out in early spring. If the cut stems are thinner than 4 mm, then they are treated with garden varnish. You can shorten the shoots to make the plant bushier. But leave at least ¾ of their length. It is also recommended to remove all dry inflorescences after flowering. This stimulates the formation of new buds.

The value of rose oil in cosmetology

Rosewood, the essential oil of which is extracted by distillation from shavings, is valued precisely for this aromatic product, which is widely used in the field of cosmetology and dermatology. The oil contains linalol, which has antimicrobial properties and the ability to penetrate deeply into the skin. Possessing bactericidal and antiseptic properties, it increases skin firmness and elasticity, nourishes and moisturizes it, smoothes wrinkles and creates an even natural color. Rosewood is suitable for all skin types and is an effective remedy against stretch marks. By stimulating cell growth, the oil helps restore skin tissue, so it is often a component of anti-aging cosmetics. Rejuvenating sagging and aging skin, rosewood oil normalizes intracellular metabolism and removes vascular patterns. With its help, scars are reabsorbed; it is an effective medicine against neurodermatitis, dry eczema and allergic dermatitis.

Traditionally, rosewood is used in creams and massage mixtures, increasing the elasticity of the skin of the entire body.

Rosewood

Wood

Color varies depending on the variety. The main background is from pinkish-light brown to brick-red or chocolate-brown, the pattern is made of dark veins (its severity also varies), often with a purple tint. Most rosewoods of the genus Dalbergia, due to the high content of essential oils in freshly cut wood, emit a pleasant floral scent that disappears after drying. In terms of hardness, it exceeds oak by one and a half to two times, depending on the type, the density is usually in the range of 800–1100 kg/m³. High strength, easy to polish. Sapwood – whitish or light brown – is unstable. In addition to being used in solid wood, very beautiful veneer is obtained from rosewood, the pattern of which usually depends on the choice of planing direction, which allows you to select very exquisite patterns. Wood of the most famous species of trees of the Dalbergia genus - their properties and characteristics

№	Name	Other names	Botanical name	Distribution (region, country)	Density (kg/m³)	Janka hardness (kN)	Photo
1	Amazonian rosewood	Amazon Rosewood, Jacaranda do Para	Dalbergia spruceana	Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia	1085	11.99
2	African ebony	African blackwood, African Ebony, African rosewood, Mpingo (Swakh. Mpingo), or Grenadilla (Grenadilla)	Dalbergia melanoxylon	Dry savanna regions of Central and Southern Africa	1270	16.32
3	Burmese rosewood	Burmese Rosewood, Burma tulipwood	Dalbergia oliveri	Myanmar (Burma) and other countries of Southeast Asia	940	12.06
4	Brazilian tulip tree	Brazilian Tulipwood, Bahia Rosewood (German Bahia Rosenholz) It is better not to use these names in relation to this breed: Pau Rosa, Jacaranda Rosa, Pau de Fuso, Pinkwood ( Pinkwood)	Dalbergia decipularis	Northeast Brazil	970	11.12
5	Bois de Rose	Bois de rose	Dalbergia maritima, D. louvelii	O. Madagascar	930	11.57
6	Honduran rosewood	Honduras Rosewood, Central American Rosewood	Dalbergia stevensonii	Belize (British Honduras)	1025	9.79
7	East Indian rosewood	Indian Rosewood, Bombay blackwood, Roseta rosewood, Reddish-brown rosewood, Java palisandre, Indonesian rosewood , Malabar, Sonokeling	Dalbergia latifolia	India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia	830	10.87
8	Kingwood	Kingwood, Brazilian kingwood, Tulipwood, Violetwood, Brazilian jacaranda; and Brazilian names (port.): Miolo-de-negro (Black core), Pau-violeta (Purple tree), Jacaranda-violeta (Purple jacaranda)	Dalbergia cearensis	Brazil	1200	17.24
9	Cocobolo	Cocobolo, Granadillo or Grenadillo, Nambar, Palo Negro, Nicaraguan rosewood, Palo negro, Funera, Salamander rosewood, Salamand	Dalbergia retusa, D. hypoleuca, D. lineata, D. granadillo	Central America (Mexico to Panama)	1095	14.14
10	Madagascar rosewood	Madagascar Rosewood, Madagascar violetwood	Dalbergia baronii, D. greveana, D. madagascariensis, D. monticola	O. Madagascar	935	12.08
11	Rosewood Rio	Brazilian rosewood or Brazilian rosewood, Rio Jacarand, Jacaranda da Bahia, Jacaranda Preto – black rosewood, Jacaranda Caviúna, Pau Preto (port. Pau Preto - ebony), Palisandre de Segippe (French Palissandre de Segippe).	Dalbergia nigra	Brazil	835	12.41
12	Rose Camphi tree	Khamphi Rosewood, Burmese Blackwood, Laos Rosewood	Dalbergia cultrata	Southeast Asia	1060	14.90
13	Siamese rosewood	Siamese Rosewood, Vietnamese Rosewood, Thai Rosewood, Cambodian Rosewood	Dalbergia cochinchinensis	Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos	1035	10.79
14	Sissu	Sissoo or Sisu, Sheesham, North Indian Rosewood, Himalaya raintree, Penny leaf tree	Dalbergia sissoo	Mainly Northern India, Nepal and Pakistan, and Western Asia	770	7.38
15	Yucatan rosewood	Yucatan Rosewood, Panama Rosewood, Nicaraguan Rosewood	Dalbergia tucerensis	Central and South America	680	5.4

Other types of wood called Rosewood that are not from the genus Dahlbergia

Some South American species are used as analogues of rosewoods from the genus Dalbergia and have similar names.

Bolivian rosewood

, or
Rosewood Santos
(lat.
Machaerium scleroxylon
) -
Morado
,
Moradillo
,
Striped caviuna
(eng.
Pau Ferro
,
Bolivian rosewood
,
Santos palisander
,
Morado
,
Moradillo
,
Striped caviuna
).
The names Pau Ferro
(ironwood) and
Jacaranda
should not be used in relation to this breed.
Exported from Brazil and Bolivia. The price for this wood is noticeably lower than for rosewoods of the Dalbergia genus. Under the same name, a similar species from Brazil may also be offered - Jacaranda pardo
(English:
Jacaranda pardo
, Latin:
Machaerium villosum
).

Bokote

(lat.
Cordia gerascanthus
) - Mexican rosewood, Mayan rosewood, Becote, Siricote, Salmwood (Bocote, Mexican rosewood, Mayan rosewood, Becote, Siricote, Salmwood), one of the representatives of the numerous genus Cordia. It grows from Mexico to Costa Rica, as well as in Florida, Colombia and the Caribbean islands, but is relatively rare everywhere. The color of the wood can vary from greenish-yellow to golden brown with brown-black streaks, and the oily sheen is somewhat reminiscent of teak. Relatively easy to process resistant wood, density about 650 kg/m³.

Masasauba

– Platymiscium yucatanum, P. pinnatum, P. trinitatis, P. ulei – Granadillo, Macawood, Cristobal, Panama rosewood, Hormigón, etc. (Macacaúba, Granadillo, Macawood, Cristobal, Panama rosewood, Hormigón). Distributed from Nicaragua and Costa Rica east to Suriname and French Guiana, and south to Ecuador, Brazil and Paraguay. The wood is orange-red to reddish or purple-brown, with faint veining. Strength and durability are medium to high, density about 800 kg/m³.

Sometimes rosewood is also called some species that are better known under other names, for example: Caribbean rosewood is Metopium brownei, also known as black poisontree from Mexico and Belize. And Patagonian rosewood is curupay (Piptadenia macrocarpa = Anadenanthera macrocarpa), also known as angico-preto, Brazilian tiger teak (curupay, angico prieto, Brazilian tiger teak) from Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia.

In general, it should be noted that jacaranda in South America can be called any tree that resembles rosewood, which leads to considerable confusion in the market, and sometimes such confusion is intentional. The name Granadillo is widely used in Mexico and Central America for almost any dark wood that is difficult to identify or does not have a marketable name. In the same way, many heavy and durable wood species are called ironwood, Pau ferro. Many of these "iron trees" have dark wood that resembles rosewood.

Congolese rosewood

,
African rosewood
or
Wenge
(lat.
Millettia laurentii
) is an African tropical tree from the legume family.
Other names: Congolese rosewood, African rosewood, Dikela, Mibotou, Bokonge, Avong. Other types of wood called Rosewood that are not from the genus Dahlbergia

№	Name	Other names	Botanical name	Distribution (region, country)	Density (kg/m³)	Janka hardness (kN)	Photo
1	Acacia for spear (Spear wattle)	Ringy rosewood	Acacia rhodooxylon	Australia	1265	18,24
2	Black siris	Bhilwara, Albizia, Ceylon rosewood	Albizia odoratissima	Central and South Asia, East Africa	760	7,26
3	Bunari (Boonaree)	Western rosewood, Inland rosewood	Alectryon oleifolius	Australia	1310	20,26
4	Bubinga, Kevazingo	African Rosewood, False Rosewood	Guibourtia demeusei, G. pellegriniana, G. tessmannii	Central Africa: Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea	890	10,72
5	Tiete Rosewood	Patagonian Cherry, Sirari	Guibourtia hymenaeifolia	South America	945	12,41
6	Hagenia	East African rosewood, African redwood, Brayera, Cusso, Kousso	Hagenia abyssinica	Mountains of Ethiopia and the tropics of East Africa
7	Santos palisander	Bolivian rosewood, Morado, Moradillo, Striped caviuna. The following names should not be used for this breed: Pau Ferro (ironwood) and Jacaranda.	Machaerium scleroxylon	Brazil and Bolivia	865	8,71
8	Jacaranda pardo	Jacaranda do cerrado, Jacaranda paulista, Jacaranda pedra	Machaerium villosum	Brazil
9	Wenge	African rosewood, Congolese rosewood, Faux ebony, Dikela, Mibotu, Bokonge, Avong	Millettia laurentii	Western equatorial Africa (jungle)	880	8,6
10	Andaman padauk	Andaman rosewood, Andaman redwood, East Indian mahogany	Pterocarpus dalbergioides	Andaman Islands (Indian Ocean)	770	7,25
11	Kosso	African Rosewood	Pterocarpus erinaceus, P. angolensis	Sahel region of West Africa
12	Arizona Rosewood	California Rosewood	Vauquelinia californica	Southwest USA (Arizona, New Mexico, California), northwest Mexico

Rose oil in the treatment of diseases

Essential oil is considered an excellent pain reliever, has a calming effect, and is used in the treatment of chronic diseases caused by a malfunction of the immune system. It is an effective assistant in the fight against pathogenic microbes and viruses, is a valuable throat antiseptic, relieves coughs and strengthens the walls of blood vessels. Effective in the treatment of bronchitis, bronchospasms, and asthma attacks. It also reduces the phenomena of rosacea and varicose veins.

Rosewood oil is used in the treatment of headaches, migraines, it can activate cerebral circulation, and has antispasmodic and analgesic properties. This miraculous remedy cleanses the blood and lymph, its deodorizing functions help to survive high humidity and extreme heat.

Characteristics

Essential oil from a unique type of wood is obtained only by pre-processing the wood shavings using the steam method. As a result of distillation, the aroma oil obtains an absolutely colorless and very light texture, occasionally with a yellowish tint visible in the light. The most expensive and valuable aroma oil is of Guinean origin, obtained from cayenne rosewood.

Check the country of origin of the oil, because you shouldn’t overpay for oil from other countries: cayenne oil is very difficult to get, it is produced in limited editions, and cannot compete with mass Brazilian production.

Rosewood is an excellent antidepressant

This is an excellent antidepressant that relieves lethargy, irritability and fatigue. Having a spiritualizing effect, which not any similar remedy can do, rose oil revitalizes emotions, clears the mind, ennobles the soul and lifts the mood.

Its aroma is the aroma of restoration and relaxation, relieves nervous tension and helps overcome stressful conditions.

Characteristics

Santos rosewood is considered a popular wood and is characterized by a beautiful structure with stripes throughout the entire surface. The core of the tree can be of various shades, ranging from brown with a chocolate tint to red-violet with inclusions of brown, on which stripes of black-purple color are located at a certain distance. Santos is similar to the Brazilian Rio rosewood and has clearly differentiated sapwood that is yellowish-white in color.

Rosewood wood has a fine texture and a moderate amount of shine. The grain is located along the wood at right angles, sometimes it is wavy and interlocked, and is not as clear as the similar type Rio. The fine grain of the wood shows only the best qualities of rosewood. There are growth rings throughout the wood, and when processing the wood you can hear a pleasant woody aroma.

Rosewood for men's perfume

Rosewood oil is also considered a strong aphrodisiac and helps with sexual problems. Its aroma intoxicates, stimulates sensuality, elevates. Mainly used to make men's perfume, it helps with impotence and impotence. Women often use this oil, which increases receptivity to affection, to eliminate shyness and temporary detachment from the material world.

Before use, it is recommended to check the aroma of the oil for individual tolerance.

Cosmetic properties

From a cosmetological point of view, rosewood has bactericidal, soothing, restorative properties in equal measure with softening and stimulating internal changes.

Thus, the oil is perfect for sensitive and aging skin; it increases not only elasticity or firmness, but also the protective abilities of the epidermis. Removes peeling, cracks, dermatitis, spots, uneven color and texture, restores color, effectively relieves viral, bacterial, allergic diseases and neurodermatitis.

In addition, rosewood demonstrates excellent deodorizing properties.

Methods of using oil and average dosages

Rose oil is used for inhalations (hot and cold), in aromatherapy pots, and aroma medallions.

For headaches, it is recommended to combine 7 drops of rosewood oil with 10 drops of base oil. The resulting mixture must be applied to the forehead, temporal fossae, occipital protuberances and projections of the carotid arteries, and massaged. Carry out the procedure 2-3 times with a 15-minute break.

Rosewood is used in compresses applied to injured areas, burns and inflammation. You can also apply a pain-relieving cold compress, which has a calming effect. To do this, dilute 5 drops in 500 ml of water, soak a soft cloth in this solution, squeeze it out and apply it to the painful area (for palpitations, this is the chest, for headaches, the forehead area). It is recommended to wipe the entire body and do wraps for hypertension.

Description and properties of mahogany

The value of mahogany has come to us from time immemorial. Europeans, conquering the countries of Asia, America, and Africa, quickly noticed high-quality household items made of wood of bright, unusual colors among the local population.

Louis XV introduced a sustainable fashion for luxury goods made from this material. Interest quickly spread to members of the nobility in France, England and other developed countries of Europe. The wood quickly became rare, not only due to its small distribution and the difficulty of extraction and transportation. Having immediately begun mass deforestation, people quickly reached a position on the verge of extinction.

Initially, not only luxurious furniture was created from spectacular-looking, durable wood, but also materials for cladding floors, walls, ceilings, as well as parts for ship plating. People gradually realized the scale of the impending shortage. Wood began to rise in price and was used only for elite items.

The high demand was due to its rarity, as well as the properties of the material:

long service life without loss of decorative effect;
high strength;
resistance to various deformations;
lack of susceptibility to destruction, exposure to fungus, mold, pests;
ease of processing.

There is no stable price for unique wood. Many factors influence the cost. Finished products are widely available and may vary in complexity.

Mahogany is often obtained through smuggling, violating laws. This also leaves an imprint on the offers that reach the end consumer.

Sandalwood - precious red heart

Sandalwood wood from the genus Pterocarpus is one of the most expensive in the world. Its habitat is the tropical part of Asia, Ceylon. Its core, which has a beautiful reddish tint, is considered a valuable resource. These are small woody plants reaching 8 meters in height.

Sandalwood reproduces very slowly, so it is expensive. Its wood was a precious species back in the Middle Ages. It was used to make furniture for Chinese emperors. In Asian countries, there is a black market where sandalwood can be purchased at high prices.

Ebony - many varieties of valuable wood

One of the most expensive trees in the world is ebony. This is a type of tropical plant common in Africa, South Asia, India, and Ceylon. The inside is very hard and has a lot of weight. It is so heavy that it sinks in water. Only the core is valued; the outer layer, the sapwood, is removed because it has low characteristics. There are several varieties of ebony. Moreover, all varieties are valuable. They have slightly different characteristics. Types of ebony trees:

Cameroonian;
Ceylonese;
Madagascar;
Macassar;
Munsky;
Lunar.

Moonlight ebony
Cameroon is the most popular variety of ebony. It has a rich black core color. This breed is characterized by clearly visible pores on the cut surface. Of all the varieties of ebony, it is the cheapest, although compared with other less valuable species it is expensive. Madagascar ebony has a brown tint and a finely porous structure. Ceylon ebony is highly valued, it is very dense, the pores on the surface are not noticeable. The Makassar breed is called Flaming because of its specific coloring. On a deep black background, light and brown veins are visible, which creates the feeling of flashes of flame. It is supplied from Indonesia. The Munsky is similar to the Makassar breed. It is mined in Laos and Vietnam.

The most expensive type of ebony tree is considered to be Lunar. It grows only in one place in the world - in the territory of the Republic of Myanmar. This is the rarest type of ebony. Also, Moon Ebony is recognized as the most beautiful. It has this name because of the light shade of the kernel. Black and brown veins protrude against a golden background. In some places, stripes of other colors are noticeable: blue, green, coffee. Now this breed is prohibited from being cut down, as it is in danger of extinction. Ebony is a very slow growing tree. Mature specimens that can be used take about 500 years to grow. The most expensive, exclusive things and interior items are made from this breed. They are sold individually only. A few years ago, 1 square meter of Moon Ebony parquet cost approximately $50,000.

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Meertens, Lambert. "First Steps to the Rose Tree Theory" (PDF): 22. Journal citation required | log = (help)

Zebrano - the most exotic color

The Zebrano is one of the most exotic breeds in the world. It belongs to the genus Microberlinia. Habitat: Congo, Cameroon, Gabon. Its popularity was facilitated by the natural properties of wood: high strength, original colors. The core part has a beautiful golden hue, on which narrow dark stripes of chocolate color clearly stand out.

This resembles the coloring of a zebra, which is why the plant got its name. Fibers often have a fibrous structure, which creates certain difficulties in the manufacture of products. Zebrano is not a leader in cost, but it is quite expensive compared to other breeds. It is used for interior decoration, interior lining of luxury cars, and production of accessories.

Amaranth - the most unusual color

Amaranth is an incredibly beautiful tree species of the Peltogin genus. This is one of the most magnificent colors found in plants in the world. The core is painted in a rich purple hue, which looks great in furniture decoration and various accessories.

It has increased wear resistance, impact resistance, and water resistance. Amaranth is also called purple heart, pearlheart, and purple tree. This breed is endangered due to rampant deforestation.