What is Jointing and Thickening?

What can replace a surface planer?

Re: Thicknesser with what to replace

?
Of course, a router is more important than a thickness
, but for thicknessing with a planer you need to use a bunch of devices, and still the speed of processing the material will be incomparable with
a thickness planer
. Although it will be suitable for thicknessing small boards.

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Purpose and types of tools

A type of plane for finishing wood, it is a long plane with two blades Source livemaster.ru
Above we briefly mentioned what a jointer is for, but let's go into a little more detail. This tool is designed for finishing large pieces of wood, such as boards, beams and whetstones. It can be used to finish the planes and edges of a part. The body (block) of a manual jointer is made exclusively of wood, although metal varieties are noted on the Internet. This is not entirely true. If a tool of this size is made of steel, then it will simply be impossible to work with it due to its large mass.

The manual or electric jointer has the following features:

used for finishing surfaces and edges of large workpieces (most often the length of the part is decisive);
the knife used in this carpentry tool can be up to 80 mm wide;
during the initial pass of the surface, small intermittent chips are obtained, and during the secondary pass, long and even chips are obtained, which indicates the cleanliness of the processing;
On sale you can find both a manual jointer and an electric jointer: this indicates a wide selection and popularity of the tool.

Jointer. Device and operation. How to choose and features

A jointer, or jointer, is a specialized planing-type woodworking equipment used to impart a plane to a wooden workpiece. Most often used in conjunction with a thickness planer. Using a jointer, a basic flat side is made on the workpiece, and the rest of the planes are drawn along it using a surface planer, maintaining parallelism and right angles.

How does a jointer work?

The machine has a fairly simple structure compared to other motorized woodworking equipment. It consists of the following components:

Frame.
Serving and receiving table.
Working shaft with knives.
Adjustment mechanism.
Electric motor.
Safety device.
Side support.
On/off button.

On the frame of the machine there is a table on which workpieces are fed for planing. It is divided into 2 halves. A working shaft with 2-4 planing knives is installed between them. The front table is called the server, and the back table is the receiver. Through the feed table, the workpiece is directed to the planing shaft, and after processing it slides onto the receiving table.

Adjustment of planing depth is carried out by changing the height of the tabletop relative to the knives. A special mechanism allows you to raise or lower the feed table, thereby changing the reach of the knives, and therefore the depth to which they can cut into the workpiece. Usually only the feed table is adjusted, but with professional equipment both tabletops are adjusted. If their level is different, then difficulties arise in obtaining an ideal plane when processing long boards and slats.

A protective device in the form of a flag is located on top of the shaft. It covers the knives, thereby preventing injury to the operator’s hands. During operation, the workpiece moves the protection to the side, so it does not interfere with its contact with the shaft. After passing the part, the protection returns back under the action of a spring.

A parenteral side stop is attached to the side of the machine table top. Its task is to ensure smooth wiring of the part. The emphasis has a system for adjusting the angle of inclination. Usually it can be set at 90 and 45 degrees. By resting against it, you can plan the end of the part to the desired angle.

The machine is turned on and off using a button. The jointer also has protection against inadvertent starting. If during operation it was de-energized, then after power is supplied, even if the button is pressed, the machine will not start on its own. This function is the same basic standard as knife protection. It is missing only on older or cheapest models.

The blade shaft is driven by a belt drive from a motor pulley located under the frame. Many units also have a chip removal turbine that is driven by a separate belt drive from the motor. The turbine sucks in air with chips and accelerates it through the nozzle into the collection bag. Simpler machines simply involve connecting a vacuum cleaner. In the most simplified jointers, the shavings are thrown down under the feet, from where they are difficult to remove.

What tasks does it perform?

The functionality of a jointing machine is quite modest, but important. Its technical capabilities depend on the length of the table, since they directly affect the length of the workpiece, which can be smoothed. It is recommended to process parts no more than 1.5-2 times longer than the table. Exceeding this norm will lead to distortion of the workpiece plane.

In general, using a jointer you can:

Rough alignment of the plane of parts.
Selection of grooves.
Removing the edge.

These are basic tasks that can be done on any machine using only its standard equipment. In addition, it is possible to manufacture various homemade devices that expand the functionality of the equipment. This is used by novice carpenters who lack tools.

Specifics of working on a jointer

A jointing machine requires certain dexterity and professional skills from the operator. Unlike a surface planer, the quality of processing on it primarily depends on skill, and only then on the technical parameters of the equipment itself. When processing workpieces for the first time, an untrained person will not be able to create a flat surface. If you adhere to certain rules, the surface will be not only smooth, but also clean and does not require additional modification.

On a jointer, using the side parallel fence correctly, it is quite possible to bring all 4 sides of the workpiece to a flat plane and angles of 90 degrees. However, this will take much longer than using a surface planer. Therefore, these 2 machines are usually used in pairs. The jointer makes the first side that defines the geometry, along which the thicknesser draws out the remaining surfaces.

The main difficulty of working with a jointer is to obtain a slight rounding of the plane of the parts along the edges. This is due to improper pressing of the workpiece to the table. It is important to carry it without letting go, without allowing it to come off the tabletop.

After the front edge of the workpiece passes through the feed table and the planing shaft, it is necessary to emphasize the pressing of the part into the receiving tabletop. In this case, you will be able to achieve the most even plane.

Processing of the edge of the workpiece is performed after flattening the first main side. It should rest against a parallel stop, which will allow you to achieve a right angle between the sides.

When working on a jointer, you need to correctly set the depth of insertion of the knives into the material. It is important that they plan the workpiece with ease. Moreover, if you make the depth too shallow, then you will have to make too many passes to level the plane. When determining the planing depth, you need to start from the width of the part. If the workpiece is narrow, then the load on the motor is minimal, so you can plan to the maximum depth. If the shaft overhang is not reduced on a wide workpiece, the engine will be overloaded, which will accelerate its wear.

Checking and adjusting knives

Even if all planing recommendations are followed, the quality of the finished result may be far from ideal. The reason for this may be incorrect adjustment of the knives. They can be fixed skewed, so their projection differs from different sides. This problem can be solved by adjustment. The knives on the shaft are released by pressing the bolts, aligned and clamped back.

Without a special tool, you can determine the error in setting the knives using a regular ruler and a smooth planed board. You need to place one of the knives at the top point, attach a board with a control mark to it and turn it. After turning the shaft, the rack will move 3-8 mm. This procedure is done along the left and right edges of the knife. It is necessary that in both cases the board moves the same distance. If the indicators are different, then this indicates the need for adjustment. The check is done for each knife separately.

Machine selection criteria

A jointer is one of the most essential machines for carpentry tasks. The scope of its use is very extensive, so equipment for various specific production specifications is available for sale. Therefore, when choosing a machine, various difficulties may arise.

The determining criteria when purchasing a jointer are:

Table material.
Width.
Length.
Number of knives.
Engine type and power.
Shaft speed.

The material of the table and its geometry are very important when choosing a jointer both for production and for a small home workshop. Tables can be made of steel, cast iron, aluminum and even silumin. The cheapest machines are made of silumin. This is a very weak alloy, which is usually used to make low-quality water faucets that crumble in your hands. A machine with a silumin table is extremely unreliable. Countertops can bend during use and burst under load. It is best if the table is cast from cast iron.

The width of the table and the shaft with knives affect the grip of the machine. If the jointer has a table top of 150 mm, then it can be used to plan a board up to 150 mm wide. Although at first glance this is not enough, such a grip is sufficient to perform many household tasks. Professional machines have tables 400-630 mm wide, sometimes more.

The length of the tabletop affects the length of the parts that can be processed. The higher it is, the better. However, an overly large machine takes up a lot of space in the workshop. Ideally, the length of the table should be 2 times less than the longest workpieces that will be processed.

2-4 knives are installed on the jointer shaft. The more there are, the longer you can go without sharpening. Household-level equipment has only 2 knives, but given the low intensity of its use, this does not require frequent sharpening.

The jointer can be equipped with a commutator or asynchronous electric motor. The former are a little cheaper to manufacture, so installing them makes the machine more budget-friendly. Typically, commutator motors are found on household jointers. The disadvantage of such electric motors is excessively noisy operation, as well as intolerance to overloads. As for motor power, for household devices you should not pay attention to equipment with a rating below 1.25 kW.

The quality of planing of a machine depends not only on the sharpness of its knives, but also on the speed of rotation of the shaft on which they are located. The faster it rotates, the cleaner and more accurate the wood cut. It is satisfactory if the machine has a speed indicator in the range of 4.7-5 thousand rpm.

Joining workpieces

Fiber direction

To connect two workpieces, the workpieces must be parallel and square. There are several tips to get a good result. Determining the direction of grain in wood, i.e. You need to feed the workpiece to the knives with the narrow part of the wedge. See the photo in the figure with illustrations of the direction of the fibers.

Cutting depth

The cutting depth is set to no more than 1.7 mm. This promotes smooth processing of the material and maintains the durability of the knives. An exception can only be when planing uneven surfaces.

Edge jointing

The workpiece must be held facing the stop. You need to start by applying pressure to the leading edge of the wood as you move towards the cutting part. The pressure then moves to the middle and to the edges. Those. the workpiece must have constant contact with the stop and the receiving table. The last pass should be slow to obtain a smooth surface. When splicing workpieces, it is necessary to adjust the edges and make sure that there are no gaps, and also take into account the direction of the fibers in order to hide the joint. The process of selecting fiber direction is not easy.

Video description

Thicknesser or jointer: What is the difference, what are the advantages using an example.
As a rule, the knife has a slot in the middle, so it is applied to the inclined end of the block and pressed through the slot with plywood, screwing in the screws. When you place the clamped knife on the table, the trigger should be pressed tightly against its plane. Now you need to place glass at least 4 mm thick on the table and stick a strip of sandpaper on it along the edge. The rest is a matter of technique: the edge of the block will slide along the glass, and the descent of the knife will slide along the sandpaper. To be able to change the grain of the paper, it is not glued, but stapled to the table at the edges of the glass. In this way, you can achieve perfect sharpening of the blade if you move from a coarser grain to a finer one.

Manual jointer

Craftsmen who process a large amount of wood every day prefer to use electric jointers Source recn.ru/kak-vybrat-fuganok This
is the 21st century and now everything is being improved, modernized, robotized, although sometimes it is precisely these actions that spoil everything. But this is not the case with a jointer - the electric drive for such a tool has served well for all carpenters who have to process large amounts of wood. Whatever you say, power tools require much less physical effort compared to manual mechanical devices. Even old-timers of mechanical carpentry agree that working with a power jointer has made woodworkers' lives much easier, while also greatly increasing productivity.

Today, there are many manufacturers engaged in the development and production of such power tools. Here are some of them: