Wood has been and continues to be used by mankind for centuries.
Housing buildings, tools and other equipment are only a small part of the products that are made after wood processing.
Also, do not forget about coal - the main component for generating electricity at thermal power plants.
In terms of value, this resource occupies a leading position, which means that the rational use of not only wood raw materials, but also its residues is the task of every enterprise.
Why recycle wood waste
In the modern era of technology and the abundance of varieties of plastic, the use of forest resources still continues on a significant scale.
There are more than a thousand types of products and items that require wood for their manufacture.
During the production process, a significant part of this resource becomes waste (at sawmills, a third of the trees remain in the form of sawdust, which is classified as waste).
Sawdust, shavings, wood chips, slabs and other waste after disposal can replace the products of the woodworking industry. This shows the importance of waste disposal, which will lead to forest conservation.
Wooden products that have reached the end of their useful life (broken furniture, etc.) can also be recycled. This type of waste is called wood waste.
We design garden paths
A garden path paved with wood will look atmospheric. Nowadays, most people try to pave paths or line them with fiberglass, but wood always remains the material that looks good on any site.
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To implement the design idea, you will need the remains of timber and branches left over after cleaning the garden. Wood of any diameter is suitable, the main thing is to ensure that it is intact and not damaged by pests, mold and rot.
Stages of work:
- You need to cut the tree to the same length. The diameter does not matter, because this is a decorative decoration that includes the author's idea.
- Treat finished parts with a special agent that prevents rotting.
- Dig a trench where there are already markings for the future path.
- Pour a layer of sand into the bottom of the hole and compact it thoroughly. Install saw cuts.
- Fill the gaps with wooden blanks.
After the pieces of timber are laid out along the path, you need to fill the remaining space with sand. This creation looks very original, you won’t have to spend extra money, and you can use the path for several years.
Law on mandatory recycling of wood waste
The government of the Russian Federation planned last year to introduce a bill on mandatory recycling of wood waste.
This law is currently scheduled to be introduced in 2022. Its contents prohibit the burning of sawmill waste. Throwing away this garbage is also prohibited.
In this way, all possible benefits are extracted from waste wood resources, and the negative impact on the ecosystem is significantly reduced. The management of wood processing enterprises has three years to establish a rational waste disposal system.
Wood waste disposal methods
Wood processing without waste is impossible. The most economical enterprises lose 20% of wood raw materials in waste.
The category of waste includes all wood that was not used for processing.
Complete processing of forest resources produces wood products, which vary depending on the disposal methods.
Pyrolysis
Wood pyrolysis produces not only charcoal, but also liquid and gaseous residues. At the first stage, the waste is separated into separate parts and dried.
Then pyrolysis itself occurs, during which the garbage decomposes without access to air at a temperature of 400+ °C. Then the coal is cooled, and the resulting vapors undergo condensation.
Deciduous trees participate in the process of wood pyrolysis. In addition to coal, resin is obtained from the liquid residue, which is used to produce vinegar, alcohol and other products. The resulting gas (gaseous residues) is mostly methane and carbon.
Gasification
Gasification allows you to turn solid raw materials (wood waste) into combustible gas. Combustion is carried out with a limited dosage of oxygen, which must be sufficient for the formation of carbon oxides. Burning waste using the gasification method allows you to obtain a harmless source of energy simultaneously with waste disposal.
In practice, this method can be seen in gas generator boilers running on solid fuel, as well as in internal combustion engines.
Gasification plants operate on a direct or reverse principle. In the first case, the gas moves upward, and the air enters below under the grate. In the second case, the gas moves downwards and the air enters from above.
Hydrolysis
The hydrolysis method, along with pyrolysis, refers to the chemical processing of wood. The process is quite specific, because its principle is the effect of a weak acid on wood waste.
For hydrolysis, enterprises use autoclaves into which garbage, sulfuric acid and steam are placed.
In the device, wood waste is exposed to elevated temperature, acid and pressure. As a result, the tree decomposes into cellulose and hemicellulose, its main components. During decomposition, a solution of carbohydrates (simple sugars) is also formed, which includes lignin. In the evaporator, lignin produces furfural, methyl alcohol and acetic/formic acid in the form of vapor.
The acid in the remaining solution is neutralized with lime. Gypsum sludge and pure sugary substances are neutralization products.
What can be made from leftover timber?
- How to make furniture?
- How to design a path?
- Making flower beds
- Other craft ideas
For many people it will be very interesting to find out what can be made from the remains of timber. There are quite a lot of ideas for crafts from scraps of old 150x150 timber.
You can, for example, make a wall from saw cuts or resort to decorating a lamp with pieces of wooden beams. You can use the saw cuts to create cute coasters for hot dishes. To create such a useful item, you can take not the best round pieces. Cracks and remaining knots will make the stand an even more attractive addition to your kitchen or dining room.
- To create a stand, you need to take cuts from a mighty tree for plates or small round pieces for cups, peel off a layer of bark (or leave it as a decoration) and lightly sand the surfaces.
- In principle, the stand is ready. To give it greater durability, the wood is pre-treated with special impregnations.
- Cuts from thick branches are also suitable as an unusual stand.
- To do this, they are glued together with sidewalls, and the gaps between the borders are covered with a top layer of saw cuts, secured with glue with a slight offset.
- You can leave a single-story stand, but the glue should not come into contact with hot objects.
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A stand in which the spaces between the cuts are filled with colored epoxy resin will look unusual.
In the same way you can create unusual candlesticks. To do this, a nail is driven into the cuts, on the tip of which the candle will be placed. Such a charming composition for
The New Year will be complemented by tangerines, spruce paws, and tinsel. For Easter, a cute craft will be decorated with fluffy chickens; for Valentine's Day and March 8, the decor will be tiny baskets with flowers or candies.
Equipment for processing and crushing wood
Variations in processing equipment depend on the specific focus of the processing plant.
The most common is the mechanical processing of wood waste, when the waste is given the required shape and appearance.
In any case, before the final stages of disposal, it is necessary to grind the wood. This procedure is carried out by a number of devices and machines with different characteristics and range of suitable wood waste.
Shredders
Shredders allow you to process defective wood and wood waste (branches, slats, slabs, etc.) into industrial chips. The working body of such a device can be rotary, drum, or disk.
Raw materials can be loaded horizontally or vertically, depending on the type of machine. The situation is similar with unloading; it can be top or bottom. The mechanisms themselves (shredders) are either stationary or mobile.
As a rule, the first type of device has greater power and is able to cope with a large volume of raw materials.
Hammer crushers
These mechanisms are designed to destroy waste and defective wood using hammers that are mounted on a rotor and rotate at high speed.
There are mechanisms with a different principle: waste is destroyed by impact on a special plate.
This complex is capable of working with any type of wood waste, which makes it universal. It is worth noting the power of the machine; processing of 45+ cm of branches is allowed. Also, the device does not leave any by-products behind.
Crushing machines
These devices are designed for shredding wood waste, as well as for crushing it.
As a result of processing, small-sized wooden particles are obtained. Their area of application is fuel and the manufacture of other products.
Such equipment is used in workshops in the form of stationary installations, but can also be used on site. Different models have different capacities, which allows you to obtain a product of the required size.
Furnaces
The cheapest methods of disposal include the usual burning of waste in special furnaces. The method allows you to skip the initial stages of processing, such as briquetting and grinding.
The combustion oven also comes in several modifications, but for simple combustion, cone-shaped models are preferable.
The heat obtained during the combustion process can be used to heat water.
What in the end...
Anything is possible if you implement your ideas carefully and with soul. But knowledge should not be neglected. The main rules that I have identified for myself for working with scrap boards are as follows. The most important thing, of course, is to take accurate measurements. Make holes for fasteners before assembly. It is better to use carbide blades for cutting boards. Well, if you have the opportunity to choose what the self-tapping screw is made of, it is better to give preference to stainless steel, then time will not affect the appearance of the product in any way.
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Write in the comments what you think - is it worth spending time tinkering with old materials?
Is the wood waste recycling business profitable?
Wood waste belongs to hazard class 5 according to the FKKO. The processing business is simple and highly relevant.
Such garbage is not dangerous for humans and nature, and the widest range of possible directions has a beneficial effect on the profitability of such entrepreneurship.
The cheap and large raw material base is ensured by the low demand of enterprises and businessmen for by-products of furniture factories and sawmills.
A small number of people are interested in wood waste, which cannot be said about the products of processing such waste. Finding consumers for the final recycling product will not be difficult. First, you need to decide on the direction of disposal; the optimal option would be to process wood waste into briquettes, firewood and coal. Sawdust can be used to make compost, chipboard and other materials. You can work as a contractor, finding customers and drawing up a processing act.
Using old polyethylene
It is unlikely that the film will be used to equip a new country greenhouse or even a small greenhouse, but individual plants can be placed in spring protective structures - film cubes.
In addition, you can cover anything with old film... the same piles of sand for construction, stacks of bricks or decorative tiles for arranging a summer house, bulk materials, feed. You just have to fold it several times, and even old and worn plastic film will become a good protection against moisture.
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It will also find excellent use in major construction projects. The film can be used to cover foundations and only poured areas so that the concrete does not dry out and crack in the sun.
In the issue of film, we moved a little away from the main topic of crafts and leftover building materials, but now we are returning to it.
