How much does 1 m3 of larch weigh - How much does a cube of larch weigh, the weight of a cube of larch boards

Softwood boards are often used for construction and repair. Lumber is usually measured in cubic meters or, in common parlance, in cubes.

Before starting construction or renovation, they always calculate the costs and draw up an estimate. At this stage, the question may arise about the weight of the necessary building materials in order to more accurately calculate the cost of delivery.

Concept of material moisture

Before we tell you how much natural moisture edged boards and other lumber weigh, you need to understand the basic concepts. Different types of wood are used to make tongue-and-groove, decking, planed and edged boards. Each rock has its own specific hygroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture from the air.

Depending on the absorption of moisture, porosity and the structure of cell membranes, each type of wood has its own absolute humidity. The maximum value of this indicator is 30.

In addition, a board with natural humidity can absorb water through direct contact with it during precipitation or when the room is flooded. Dampness in the room also causes wood to absorb moisture. If the surrounding air becomes very dry, it releases moisture.

The normal process of wood absorbing and releasing moisture is called “breathing.” Equilibrium moisture is a condition in which there is a balance of water between the environment and the internal space of the wood.

The indicator of natural saturation with water depends on the location of the fibers in the structure. Moisture evaporates faster in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, rather than in the transverse direction. That is why a floor made from planks of natural moisture releases moisture faster at the ends of the floorboards.

To understand what a normal humidity floorboard is, you need to understand the concept of absolute and relative humidity:

1. Relative moisture saturation is the percentage of its mass in wood to the mass of the wet product.
2. The absolute indicator is always greater than the relative one. This is a percentage expression of the ratio of the mass of moisture in wood to the weight of ordinary dry material.

The weight of the edged board of natural moisture also depends on the unbound free liquid in the material, which collects in the intercellular spaces and inside the cells. Such moisture evaporates quickly and does not affect the characteristics of the product.

Natural moisture content is the moisture content in freshly cut wood that has not been dried. This non-standardized indicator can be in the range of 30-80 percent. The weight of 1 m3 of edged boards with natural moisture content depends on:

• the conditions in which the tree grows;
• the season when the sawing was done (winter wood is less saturated with moisture than that which was cut in the summer season).

What's the best way to chop wood?

The hardness of the deck depends on the type of wood and its storage conditions. A cleaver is used to prepare logs, since it is only possible to properly chop firewood with a special blunt ax. It ensures that the wood splits without getting stuck in it. A well-sharpened ax is also used, but it will get stuck in the block, slowing down the work. And in order to knock down knots and chop wood chips, you will need an ax.

Both tools are selected subject to the following conditions:

• the metal must be well-hardened (checked by the sound when you click on it: it should be ringing);
• It is better to choose a wooden ax handle; this will allow it to be wedged correctly and increase the safety of the tool;
• The cleaver and ax should feel comfortable when swung with one and/or two hands.

A metal or plastic ax handle can crack at the most inopportune moment

This is especially important for a beginner, since chopping wood correctly means not only being able to work with an axe, but also providing yourself with a safe tool. You can make an ax handle yourself, and the best wood for this is birch

It should be noted that modern people do not necessarily spend a lot of energy preparing logs. You can buy them ready-made, but you can also do it yourself without significant physical costs. There is a special technique for this:

• gasoline wood splitter,
• electric wood splitter

Expensive equipment is purchased if a large number of logs are required. You can prepare them for a fireplace or stove yourself if you learn how to chop wood and how to do it correctly. So, the ax and cleaver have been purchased, all that remains is to learn how to divide logs into quarters, logs, and logs.

How to chop logs correctly?

You can grab the ax handle with one or two hands, and chop with a cut through the entire block of wood at once, or chop it and lift it up together with the ax. Then split it on the deck as it lowers. For the base, prepare a deck in advance: take the widest block of wood and place it vertically on level ground. The place where firewood is collected must be sunny and the weather must be dry. Wind at low humidity will not hurt; on the contrary, it will help dry the logs faster.

So, you raise your hands with the ax up. This is not entirely correct, as it leads to rapid fatigue. It is better to lift the ax along the body. This will not be difficult, since the force of gravity, moving during work, swings the body. The block of wood is installed vertically with the knots down and they try to hit the cleaver in the middle. Thus, it splits in two.

Then it is divided into 2 more parts, if width allows. You can do it differently: immediately chop off the logs from the edge of the log if it is too large in diameter. Firewood is stored under a canopy so that precipitation does not absorb into it and impair the quality of combustion.

Indicators affecting the weight of lumber

Wood moisture content is a very important indicator that you need to pay attention to. When it is high, the tree swells, and when it is low, on the contrary, it dries out.

It is recommended to carry out all construction work with already dried lumber, in which the moisture content does not exceed 15-20%. Otherwise, the installed damp wood, as it dries over time, will change its geometric dimensions (shrink) and thereby violate the integrity of the building.

Dried wood becomes more durable, lends itself well to finishing, is not susceptible to mold and insects, and retains its construction qualities for a long time. Before drying, the remaining bark is removed. This is necessary for uniform drying and to prevent damage by insects (bark beetles).

Wood drying is carried out by specialists in the open air. The timber is stacked on spacers between the rows so that air can pass freely and dry the boards on all sides. It is advisable to locate the drying area in a place where the material is not exposed to direct sunlight, but there is good ventilation. The top row of the stack must be pressed with a load to prevent deformation.

How much firewood is in UAZ 3151 “goat”

This model is widespread. I drove it for firewood with the interior disassembled. I filmed everything, even the back seats. This way it held about 2 cubes.

But the UAZ cannot carry so much. This machine performs well under a load of 1 m3. With a larger load, there is a high probability of getting stuck during muddy times. And the load on springs and wheel bearings from 1.5 cubic meters is quite large.

You can fit 1.5-2 cubic meters into a UAZ 3151. Of course, if you don't mind the car.

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Heat transfer from wood

In addition, there is another indicator - heat transfer. It will come to the aid of those who use wood as firewood for heating. The higher the hardness, i.e. The density of the wood species, the higher its calorific value. Of course, no one will heat a room with boxwood, but when choosing between linden and pine or birch and acacia, you can get much more heat if you know which of these species is the hardest. Information about the density of each tree can be gleaned from the tables, since all this information is systematized for ease of use.

Weight of a dense cubic meter, kg

The table shows average mass values. Possible maximum and minimum mass values ​​are 1.3 and 0.7, respectively, from its average value

How much firewood is in a tractor cart?

Firewood is delivered not only by KAMAZ, ZIL, and Gazelles. Sometimes they are carried in tractor carts. Such transport is common in small towns and numerous villages.

There are many trailers (carts) for tractors. But the most common is a biaxial one with the marking 2PTS-4. 5-6 years ago an updated version appeared under the label 2PTS-4.5.

Tractor trailers differ in volume and load capacity. Therefore, you can answer the question of how much firewood is in the cart from two positions.

From the perspective of the contained volume. And from the point of view of the weight that it can lift if the sides are increased.

How much does a Forest Cube weigh? Table

The weight of a cubic meter of forest products, as stated above, depends on the type of wood and humidity.

The heaviest tree is snakewood (Piratinera Guiana, Brosinum Guiana, “snake tree”, “speckled tree”), its dry weight is 1300 kilograms per cubic meter.

The lightest wood is balsa (balsa, ochrome pyramidal, “cotton tree”), its dry volume is 130 kilograms per cubic meter.

The table below shows data on the weight of a cubic meter (cube) of 170 different types of wood at a standard humidity of 12%.

Having the table described above at hand, you can always easily calculate the required weight of a particular tree.

Indicators affecting the weight of lumber

Wood moisture content is a very important indicator that you need to pay attention to. When it is high, the tree swells, and when it is low, on the contrary, it dries out.

It is recommended to carry out all construction work with already dried lumber, in which the moisture content does not exceed 15-20%. Otherwise, the installed damp wood, as it dries over time, will change its geometric dimensions (shrink) and thereby violate the integrity of the building.

Dried wood becomes more durable, lends itself well to finishing, is not susceptible to mold and insects, and retains its construction qualities for a long time. Before drying, the remaining bark is removed. This is necessary for uniform drying and to prevent damage by insects (bark beetles).

Wood drying is carried out by specialists in the open air. The timber is stacked on spacers between the rows so that air can pass freely and dry the boards on all sides. It is advisable to locate the drying area in a place where the material is not exposed to direct sunlight, but there is good ventilation. The top row of the stack must be pressed with a load to prevent deformation.

What is a cubic meter

This value is usually used to measure gas, water, snow, sand and other bulk and liquid materials.

However, this value is only suitable for measuring one whole piece of wood, for example, pine: after all, if you fold a cube of individual firewood and boards, there will still be a distance between them, albeit a few millimeters.

It is important to know: in construction, the cubic capacity of wood is also measured in cubic meters: this is necessary when transporting and storing building materials.

Consequently, when purchasing firewood, boards and other “non-pillar” pieces, cubic meters are not suitable: you would have to measure each block from all sides and try to fit them within the given parameters. This is too long and can still lead to errors.

Heat transfer from wood

In addition, there is another indicator - heat transfer. It will come to the aid of those who use wood as firewood for heating. The higher the hardness, i.e. The density of the wood species, the higher its calorific value. Of course, no one will heat a room with boxwood, but when choosing between linden and pine or birch and acacia, you can get much more heat if you know which of these species is the hardest. Information about the density of each tree can be gleaned from the tables, since all this information is systematized for ease of use.

Weight of a dense cubic meter, kg

The table shows average mass values. Possible maximum and minimum mass values ​​are 1.3 and 0.7, respectively, from its average value

There are situations in life when you are faced with seemingly simple questions, but you cannot give exact answers to them. During construction, for example, you may need to answer the question: how much does a cube of pine weigh? No one can give an exact answer right away. The weight of timber primarily depends on its species. The second important factor is humidity. Its density depends on the type of wood, which, in turn, directly affects the weight.

In order to know the necessary information if necessary, let's figure out how much a cube of pine weighs. This may be necessary when purchasing timber to ensure that the goods were shipped correctly.

Humidity indicators are divided into four degrees:

• wet (more than 45%);
• raw (from 25 to 44%);
• air-dry (from 19 to 24%);
• dry (from 10 to 18%).

So, how much is a cube of pine? We present the results obtained in the form of a table.

Birch wood price

How much does a cube of firewood cost? The answer to the question is ambiguous. It all depends on the moisture content of the wood, the region of residence, the volume of the order and other factors that influence the setting of the price. Chopped firewood is more expensive than logs made from this tree. To save money, you can split the logs yourself. This requires a minimum of equipment.

A deck and an ax are the main tools. But it’s better to pierce on the ground, since there is less stress on the hands, since the shock absorption from the impact of the cleaver goes into the ground. Also, this type of splitting is convenient for people with short stature.

On average, in the Russian Federation, the price for 1 cubic meter of birch firewood is 1000 rubles. Split logs, unlike logs, are 100 rubles more expensive. In the Moscow region, for example, 1 cube of birch costs 1,500 rubles; in the Leningrad region, the price per cube of pine is only 400 rubles. So, a car of birch firewood costs approximately 6,000 rubles.

How much does a birch machine cost? The number of firewood in the machine is determined by its carrying capacity and is measured in tons. How many tons of wood are in the car? It all depends on the make of the car. One ton is equal to 1.56 cubic meters of wood. If the logs are chopped, then 1.56 needs to be multiplied by 0.82, as described above. The carrying capacity of the GAZelle is 1.5 tons, the ZIL is 6 tons, and the KamAZ is 20. To determine the price of a birch car, you need to multiply the main indicators.

MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1. Lumber is divided into edged, unedged, boards, beams and beams.

Terms and definitions - according to GOST 18288.

1.2. Nominal dimensions of lumber and maximum deviations from nominal dimensions are in accordance with GOST 24454.

By agreement with the consumer, sawn timber with gradations in length, size and permissible deviations established in GOST 9302 and GOST 26002 are allowed for the domestic market.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.3. The symbol must consist of the name of the lumber (board, block, timber), a number indicating the grade, the name of the wood species (coniferous or individual species - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir), a digital designation of the cross section (for unedged lumber - thickness) and designations of this standard.

How much firewood is in UAZ

This question is asked by UAZ owners. After all, driving it into the forest or to the lake is easier than driving other cars. And if you have a chainsaw, cutting firewood will not be difficult. In 2-3 times you can bring firewood for the whole winter.

They also ask how many cubes are in the UAZ 452, popularly called “loaf” or “tablet”. Less often in a UAZ 3303 with a flatbed body.

Firewood can also be imported into the UAZ 3151, popularly known as the “goat”. At one time, I imported logs for the garage in a UAZ 3151.

How much does a cube of boards from different types weigh?

The weight of a cube of material is directly related to the type of wood from which it is made:

1. Oak board with natural humidity weighs 990 c/m³. A cube of dried wood weighs 670 centners.
2. Wet pine floorboards weigh 820 c/m3. The dried elements have a weight of 470 c/m³.
3. A cube of boards made of wet spruce wood weighs 760 quintals, and a dried board weighs 420 quintals.
4. Products made from wet larch weigh 940 c/m3. A cube of dry larch weighs 630 c.
5. Undried birch lumber weighs 870 c/m³, and dry birch lumber weighs 600 c/m³.
6. Aspen floorboards made from wet wood - 760 c/cubic meter, and dried - 470 cbm.
7. A cube of alder wood after cutting has a weight of 810 centners, and the dried material weighs 490 centners.

Why is it necessary to know the weight of a cubic meter of wood?

Since the manufacturer charges the price for lumber depending on the type of wood, moisture content and volume, the weight of the material is not taken into account. This indicator will be needed when transporting lumber, since the choice of vehicle and the cost of transportation depend on it.

Also, the weight of wood is taken into account when calculating loads on building structures. As a rule, an ordinary consumer does not need such a calculation. It is done by designers and planners at the project development stage.

A firewood storage meter is how many cubes: how to calculate the weight of a tree and the amount of firewood when purchasing

the volume of solid wood (real cubic meters) is 7.5 * 0.7 = 5.25.

Each region has its own rules for the sale of firewood. Firewood can be sold in bulk, stacked, in nets, on pallets, in boxes, etc.

Few sellers use 1 real cubic meter of wood when calculating the volume of firewood. They almost always say 1 cubic meter of firewood meaning 1 stacked cubic meter.

If they tell you that firewood costs “1,400 rubles per cubic meter,” this means that 1 folded cubic meter of wood costs 1,400 rubles. If you ask for a price for a “real” cubic meter of wood, the seller will simply divide the cost of a folded meter by a factor of 0.7. In this case, the cost of a real cubic meter of firewood will be 1400 / 0.7 = 2000 rubles. per cubic meter

In rural areas, volume calculations are often not used when selling. Firewood is sold in carts or vehicles (lawns, Zils, KAMAZs, gazelles). Often the seller of a cart of firewood, when asked “What is the volume of firewood in the cart?” — he simply doesn’t know the answer.

How much does a cube of boards from different types weigh?

The weight of a cube of material is directly related to the type of wood from which it is made:

1. Oak board with natural humidity weighs 990 c/m³. A cube of dried wood weighs 670 centners.
2. Wet pine floorboards weigh 820 c/m3. The dried elements have a weight of 470 c/m³.
3. A cube of boards made of wet spruce wood weighs 760 quintals, and a dried board weighs 420 quintals.
4. Products made from wet larch weigh 940 c/m3. A cube of dry larch weighs 630 c.
5. Undried birch lumber weighs 870 c/m³, and dry birch lumber weighs 600 c/m³.
6. Aspen floorboards made from wet wood - 760 c/cubic meter, and dried - 470 cbm.
7. A cube of alder wood after cutting has a weight of 810 centners, and the dried material weighs 490 centners.

Why is it necessary to know the weight of a cubic meter of wood?

Since the manufacturer charges the price for lumber depending on the type of wood, moisture content and volume, the weight of the material is not taken into account. This indicator will be needed when transporting lumber, since the choice of vehicle and the cost of transportation depend on it.

Also, the weight of wood is taken into account when calculating loads on building structures. As a rule, an ordinary consumer does not need such a calculation. It is done by designers and planners at the project development stage.

Consequences of incorrect definition

If the customer incorrectly determines the size of the beam, which becomes known before the construction of the foundation begins, then he can lose money only on transport services, unnecessarily ordering transport several times.

If an error is discovered after the foundation has been erected, then you can change the thickness of the walls within the permissible limits in order to reduce the load on the foundation, for example:

1. The initial crown of the box is made of timber of a larger cross-section.
2. Subsequent crowns are made of material of less thickness.
3. Reduce the partitions inside the house to an acceptable size.

If the error is not corrected and a house with increased wall weight is erected, this will, sooner or later, lead to its destruction. In order to prevent this, the developer must adhere to the following rules before starting construction:

1. Perform an error-free calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the foundation, taking into account the operational weight of the timber structure, maintaining the dimensions when pouring the foundation, according to the established design.
2. Purchase quality timber for wall construction. It must be made according to standard technology and not be damaged during storage and transportation.
3. Prepare a house project with foundation calculations.
4. Invite professional builders to do the work.
5. Buy quality fasteners.
6. Check the quality of timber processing for fire resistance and biostability using the certificate.

Weight of softwood lumber according to GOST and in practice

Raw wood - spruce or pine - is given additional mass by resin. Humidity depends on the cutting season, on the growing conditions, and on the part of the trunk from which the lumber is produced.

In particular, as for pine, a tree harvested after mid-winter (January) will be 10-20% lighter than the autumn one. If a forest plot is located in an area with high groundwater (closer than 1.5 m to the surface), the tree will be “overloaded” with water, especially the lower part of the trunk. On the other hand, the “cut” forest - the one from which the resin was previously collected - will turn out to be more than 1.5 times lighter than the untouched one. Needless to say, the weight of 1 m3 of freshly cut timber will also greatly depend on climate humidity and similar circumstances.

In processed form, lumber is more or less equal in weight, but still those made from the lower part of the trunk are likely to be heavier: they are initially more moist and, if dried the same, will retain more water. In addition, according to statistics, timber turns out to be lighter than boards of equal cubic capacity (especially unedged ones), even those made from the same log: the core of the trunk from which the timber is cut is naturally looser, and boards are made not only from the core.

In a word, the mass of wet coniferous lumber differs greatly from the mass of dry timber. On average, the weight of one cubic meter of dry pine is 470 kg, and that of wet pine is 890 kg: the difference is almost 2 times. The weight of 1 m3 of dry spruce is 420 kg, and the weight of 1 m3 of wet spruce is 790 kg.

According to GOST, the standard moisture content for wood is 12%. In such conditions, spruce has a density of 450 kg/m3, pine - 520 kg/m3, they belong to light species. Among conifers, Siberian fir is even lighter: 390 kg/m3. Nevertheless, there are also heavier coniferous species: larch is a medium-density type of wood, weighing 1 m3 - 660 kg, it is superior to birch and almost as good as oak.

Capacity 131

The next car is called ZIL 131. It is an all-terrain vehicle with all-wheel drive. It was intended for the army.

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Edged boards. Dimensions. Weight. Tables

Interstate standard. See GOST for softwood lumber here >>>

• Length 1 - 6.5 m with gradation every 0.25 m. Today, increasingly, consumers are offered lumber exactly 6 m long, which has already become a standard.
• Size a (width) of the edged board: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 mm.
• b (thickness) 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50,60, 75 mm.

Table how many boards are in 1 cube (pieces/meters)

Finding out the number of meters of edged boards in 1 cube is very simple. If we multiply the number of boards in a cube (third column of the table) by the length of the board (in table 6m), we will find out how many usual linear meters of board are in 1m3.

How much does a cube of board weigh?

M - weight.

V - volume

P - wood density depends on the type of wood, its humidity, place of growth, and the specific part of the trunk from which the board is cut.

Did you know?

The weight of 1m3 of freshly sawn edged lumber (pine) depends on many factors.

• If a beam 18*18 will be lighter than a board 0.025*0.18, because the core of the trunk itself is looser and the board that is usually cut from the edges of the trunk is denser.
• Sometimes the forest (pine) comes across “cut”, i.e. This is the forest from which resin was once collected (there was an organization called “Khimles”), the lumber is not rotten, not blue, and can be almost twice as light.
• Timber (pine) harvested in winter after January will be approximately 10-20% lighter
• Lumber always has an exact length, for example, if a timber is considered to be 6 meters long, then as a rule it has a length from 6.05 to 6.25 and maybe more, depending mainly on the sobriety of the “gooseberry”
• On the number of knots on the lumber.
• From many different standards for measuring the mass of 1m3 of lumber.

Wood Density

Calculation example:

For example, we need to find out the weight of one cube of pine board:

m= 1m3*520kg/m3= 520kg at a humidity of 12% (physical and mechanical properties of wood are determined by this indicator)

For absolutely dry wood, the density will be lower (equilibrium humidity of wood for indoor use is 6-8%), and for natural humidity it will be higher.

Natural humidity is not standardized and can range from 30% to 80%. When using wood in contact with the external environment (any external wooden elements of the house, wooden window frames, exterior cladding, etc.), we exactly fall into 12% humidity for which the table above is given.

Number of firewood in terms of load capacity

The old type tractor cart is capable of lifting 4 tons of cargo. According to the villagers, they transport 6 tons.

Knowing the average weight of various types of wood with natural moisture, you can calculate how many cubes are in a tractor trailer. Provided it is overloaded.

With overload, the tractor cart includes:

• 10 cubes of birch wood;
• 8 cubic meters of oak;
• 11.2 cubic meters of aspen dies.

The calculation is made on the condition that the firewood is chopped and stacked in the body.

The new tractor cart marked 2PTS-4.5 has a load capacity of 4.5 tons. We do not have data on how much this model can be overloaded. But since the design has not changed radically, we will assume that it will withstand an overload of 2 tons.

The carrying capacity of the 2PTS-4.5 cart is close to the previous model. This trailer will accommodate 0.8 cubic meters more firewood.

• Birch firewood can fit 10.8 m3;
• Split alder fits 13.8 cubic meters;
• Oak trees will fit 8.8 cubic meters;
• There will be 12 cubic meters of aspen firewood.

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How many cubic meters of firewood are there in the Lawn?

Determining the volume of firewood neatly stacked for storage is quite simple. It is much more difficult to find out how many cubic meters are in the car that was brought to you. Let's consider, for example, how many cubic meters of firewood are in a GAZ 53.

First, we must find out the full volume of the car body. The standard Lawn has a body volume of approximately 4.8 cubic meters. If you see that the firewood is loaded without a slide, then its volume clearly cannot be higher.

There are body modifications with silo (extended) sides, whose volume is increased by 1.5 - 2 times.

In addition to the volume of the body, the laying method influences how many cubes of firewood are in the lawn. More precisely, the presence of stacking: if the firewood is neatly stacked, then it occupies almost the entire volume of the body, but if it is dumped in bulk, then there is a lot of free space between them. There is a special coefficient for converting the bulk volume into the volume of folded cubic meters. The coefficient depends on the length of the log. For example, for a log of a quarter meter the correction factor is 0.8, and for a log of 3 quarters of a meter it is already 0.73.

This means that 4 cubic meters of firewood with an average length of 25 cm, brought in bulk, will turn into 3.2 cubic meters after stacking.

Is it possible to fit 6 cubic meters of firewood in a GAZ 53?

As we have already said, if the car has extended sides or if you load the body with a significant slide, then it is possible. This becomes more likely if the firewood is loaded by stacking rather than in bulk. In the latter case, even in an 8-cube body there may be 2-3 cubic meters of firewood.

Let's consider how many cubic meters of firewood are in the GAZ 66. The volume of the body of this car may vary depending on the type, but, on average, it is 3 - 4 cubic meters, without extended sides. This is also the maximum volume of transported firewood, taking into account normal stacking along the sides.

So, to estimate the volume of firewood brought, you need to know the volume of the body and the method of stacking the firewood. The situation becomes somewhat more complicated when loading “heaped”, but its volume can also be calculated by dividing the firewood into 2 conventional geometric shapes:

• Body parallelepiped along the sides;
• Separate slide. For ease of counting, you can even level the slide, making it flatter.

By adding the volume of both figures (obtained by multiplying the length, height and width) we get the approximate volume of firewood.

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Body dimensions of GAZ 53 - 3740*2170*680 mm. Multiplying these indicators, we get a volume of 5.2 cubic meters. This is the volume of the factory body along the edges of the sides. Load capacity - 4 tons. Of course, the cubic capacity of the body can be easily increased by making stripes. Craftsmen increase the cubic capacity by 1.5, 2, or even 2.2 times. Usually, stripes of the same height are made on factory sides. Then the body volume will be about 11 cubic meters.

How much does firewood weigh?

How to determine the weight of 1 cube of firewood

? Does it matter what kind of firewood you buy, freshly cut or dried? Knowing the specific gravity, humidity and other characteristics of wood will help you deal with this.

More than 200 species of trees and shrubs grow in our country. They all burn differently, some faster, others slower, some give off a lot of heat, some less. When choosing wood for the firebox, it is better to focus on middle-aged wood; do not choose too young or too old. They burn for the longest time and produce the most heat.

Also, the amount of heat released directly depends on the density and dryness of the firewood. Wood with a moisture level of 15 - 20% is considered the most suitable for sending to the firebox, and in a freshly cut tree the moisture level is not less than 50%. Some of the heat will be spent on evaporation of water, so the efficiency of wet firewood is much lower. And the weight of dry firewood

significantly lower than wet ones.

The weight of wood depends on:

• structure of wood cells, moisture content in them,
• wood density,
• parts of the plant (the heaviest parts are the branches, the lightest are the base of the trunk),
• content of salts and resins.

The weight of firewood can be determined empirically, that is, simply weigh a small piece of wood of a certain volume and, through simple calculations, find out its density (the ratio of mass in kilograms to volume in m3). But such a procedure is not convenient to carry out in all cases.

Tables of average wood weights will help make calculations simpler. The values ​​are given conditionally for a material humidity of 15 - 20%. Interestingly, changing the moisture content of a tree does not change its density, although it greatly affects the specific gravity value. Table of some reference values ​​for wood density and weight of firewood during loading

What about the carrying capacity?

There is another approach to this issue. People are starting to measure the amount of firewood by the carrying capacity of the machine. They add and subtract so-called fill factors.

Many believe that the weight of birch is 600-700 kg per cubic meter. But this is not true. These data take into account the weight of the wood without air gaps and bark. But no one will pack them so tightly.

The volume of firewood is really equal to a cube. But it weighs about 500-550 kg. And if the wood is dry, the weight will be even less - ≈450 kg.

The carrying capacity of the GAZ 3302 is 1500 kg. Based on this, a standard Gazelle can lift 3 cubes of birch wood.

However, every second car has reinforced springs. They are able to withstand a load of more than 2 tons. Plus, drivers constantly overload their cars.

Don't forget about density

Internet experts often forget that the weight of wood depends on the type of wood. Firewood made from alder and aspen is much lighter than birch.

Gazelle 3302 with overload will bring 5 cubic meters of chopped birch firewood. Alder firewood is much lighter. Therefore, it will include all 6 cubic meters of volume. And they will bring you about 4 cubic meters of oak.

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What affects the weight of lumber?

Let's consider the factors influencing the weight of wooden materials of a given volume:

1. Wood species. This factor determines the density of the material, since wood of the same species is characterized by similar density values. This indicator directly affects the weight - the denser the material, the heavier. On average, deciduous trees are denser than coniferous trees, so a cube of oak board is heavier than a cubic meter of pine board.
   So, in front of you is a cube of a board - how much does this or that rock weigh? The weight of wood per cubic meter of lumber is given in the table (kg).

   Breed name	Raw	Dry
   Birch	880	650
   Oak	990	720
   Spruce	710	450
   Cedar	700	440
   Larch	840	670
   Linden	750	500
   Aspen	750	500
   Pine	810	510
   Ash	960	700

2. Humidity. Wood is characterized by its ability to accumulate moisture. There are two options: the board was poorly dried and retained its natural moisture, or it was stored in improper conditions. The higher the moisture content of the lumber, the heavier it will be. Therefore, even identical breeds weigh differently.

Model 6520 - cubic capacity

This is a fairly new truck. You can distinguish it by its restyled bright orange cabin and large body.

Firewood is rarely transported in it. Such huge trucks are designed for transporting sand, crushed stone and other bulk materials.

This KAMAZ has a special feature. It comes out of the factory in two versions. With standard side heights and increased ones. Standard body dimensions: 4878 mm by 2300 mm by 1098 mm. 12.3 cubic meters of firewood will fit there. If the plant increases its height, the volume will increase to 20m3.

The load capacity of the machine is 20 tons. With overload they carry 21-22 tons.

Based on the tonnage, the car can carry 26 cubes of birch and 24 m3 of oak with natural moisture. Dry firewood can take: 44 m3 of birch, 36 cubic meters of oak and 48 m3 of alder.

https://www.drovavoz.ru/skolko-drov-v-kamaze.html — link

Features of lumber

Even if the amount of wood in cubic meters is known, then the choice of machine in terms of carrying capacity will still need to be calculated. Even knowing how much a cube of dry board weighs, the weight of a cubic meter of material on the market can vary significantly. And the reason for this will not only be the type of tree, for example: pine or spruce, birch or cedar, but also the location of the log house, the humidity of the surrounding air, and even the time that has passed since the day of the log house. The weight of a unit of cubic meter of the same wood will also differ from the degree of processing of the material. The mass of round timber, under the same conditions, will always be less than the mass of unedged timber. This is due to the fact that the density of the material in one cube will be different. It is not possible to stack the round timber tightly on top of each other; large voids will remain. The same applies to unedged boards. The surface will not press tightly on the sides.

Therefore, when calculating the carrying capacity of a vehicle, you need to focus on transporting the maximum possible weight of cargo. This means you need to find out how much a cube of edged pine boards of natural moisture weighs? Since this is the state of the tree at the time of its felling, and therefore the maximum humidity and density.

Why do you need to know when building walls?

When starting to build houses from timber, the customer first of all asks the question of how much of this material is needed to build walls, floors, floors and roofing.

It is very important to have such knowledge, since when buying a timber it is impossible to determine its weight “by eye”, and
by using simple calculations you can understand whether the seller supplied him with the products correctly.

Also, having this data, he can correctly calculate what capacity of transport he should hire for transportation and storage of cargo.

However, this knowledge is most important for choosing a foundation. To do this, first of all you will need to know the loads that the walls will create. In total they constitute the largest part of the total load and increase with the growth of floors, ceiling heights and the size of the house in plan.

Why do we need this?

A small retreat

The volume of firewood in storage meters is measured by multiplying the length, width and height of the woodpile. But the concept of “1 folded cube of firewood” is quite vague, because firewood in the woodpile can be stacked with different packing densities

and there is no GOST or regulation that would explain what “laying density” is and how to measure it. That is, the same amount of firewood (1 conventional stacker) can be stacked from ~0.7 to ~1.3 stackometers, depending on the stacking density and the condition of the logs (their curvature, the presence of knots).

For clarity, look at the photo below. It is obvious that the firewood on the right is stacked thoroughly and the number of logs in such a woodpile is greater than in the one on the left. In both cases, the volume of firewood in the storage meters will be the same, but the mass will be different

. Those. in fact, the amount of firewood in the photo on the left is less.

In the photo above, please do not pay attention to the different types of firewood, this image shows the density of firewood stacking in a woodpile

Specifics

Sometimes our clients and I have disagreements regarding the volume of firewood in storage meters. We brought the firewood for stacking in one volume, the client transferred the firewood to his woodpile, measured it, and the volume turned out to be less than originally stated.

In the example above, disagreements almost always arise due to packing density. Therefore, we decided to weigh 1 folded cube of birch firewood, and correlate its weight (mass) with the data,

which are presented in GOST 3243-88 and in the Handbook of Sawmilling, Moscow, Timber Industry Publishing House, 1980.

By comparing the weight of our firewood storage meter with data from the above sources, we will understand whether we are packing the firewood tightly enough into the car before delivering it to the buyer.

Sequencing:

1. First we will put 1 folding cube in the woodpile.
2. Let's weigh this cube on the scales.
3. We compare the resulting weight with data from GOST 3243-88 and the Sawmilling Handbook.

According to various sources, the humidity of freshly cut birch can vary from 60 to 80%. We purchase firewood birch, which was harvested (cut down) 1 to 4 months ago from the moment it was brought to us for subsequent processing. The humidity of birch is on average 40-50%. We will make calculations based on 50% humidity.

In the sawmill reference book, the weight of a dense cube of ordinary birch at a humidity of 50% is 790 kg. To convert the weight of a storage meter into a dense cube (or vice versa), you need to apply a coefficient. We will take it from GOST 3243-88, with a log length of up to 0.5 meters of split hardwood - the coefficient is 0.71.

790 * 0.71 = 560.9 kg

Those. The mass of our split birch firewood storage meter must be at least 561 kg.

We weigh

1. To begin with, we placed 1 cubic meter of birch firewood in a woodpile, just like we deliver it to our customers.

   In the photo below, the volume that we will measure is outlined in red. On the left and right, we used the bagged firewood as a support so that our woodpile would not fall apart while we were measuring it.

2. Next, we take measurements to make sure that there is at least one stacked cubic meter of firewood in our woodpile.

   The length and height of the woodpile are approximately the same, but there are discrepancies in the length of the logs due to hand sawing and splitting. The length of the logs varies from 42 to 48 cm, sometimes up to 52 cm, much more often in the range of 45-48 cm. After measuring several times, we get an average length of 45 cm.

   Woodpile length 206cm, height 110cm. We calculated the length and height of the woodpile according to the minimum values. For example, the height of the woodpile turned out to have a slight difference, from 115 to 110 cm. Next, we convert the numbers into meters and multiply.

   2.06 * 1.10 * 0.45 = 1.0197 or 1.02 foldometers.

3. How and with what will we weigh?

   To weigh our volume of firewood, we decided to put the firewood into bags and weigh them with ordinary scales. Then, add up the weight of each bag and get the total weight of 1 folding cube.

4. Add and get the result

   The mass of our cube is 566.5 kg.

   As a result, we got 25 bags of firewood, the average weight of each bag is ~23 kg. And the total weight is 566.5 kg. Those. even a little more than we originally should have received.

   566.5 kg > 560.9 kg

What affects the weight of lumber?

Let's consider the factors influencing the weight of wooden materials of a given volume:

Wood species. This factor determines the density of the material, since wood of the same species is characterized by similar density values. This indicator directly affects the weight - the denser the material, the heavier. On average, deciduous trees are denser than coniferous trees, so a cube of oak board is heavier than a cubic meter of pine board.

Humidity. Wood is characterized by its ability to accumulate moisture. There are two options: the board was poorly dried and retained its natural moisture, or it was stored in improper conditions. The higher the moisture content of the lumber, the heavier it will be. Therefore, even identical breeds weigh differently. This, by the way, is a way to identify materials that were stored in poor conditions or poorly dried.

The use of such components in construction is fraught with negative consequences, of which severe shrinkage is not the worst.

Damage by parasites. Insects or microorganisms living in the thickness of the tree feed on the wood and gnaw passages in it. This leads to loosening, which results in a decrease in density and weight. If the cube of the board is too light compared to the standard data, then this indicates a possible infestation by parasites.

It is also unwise to use such a board in construction.

Internal defects. Similar to the previous point, internal wood defects lead to a decrease in density and weight loss.

Requirements for foundations

It is believed that walls made of timber do not carry a significant load, compared, for example, with stone ones, therefore for such houses they use light pile or strip type foundations.

To choose the right timber for a specific house foundation, you need to know the following data:

• Height of the building;
• total loads on the base and soil;
• soil characteristics;
• building plan.

The soil creates stress on the side wall of the base of the house. Soil heaving determines the increase in load during wet weather and at very low outside temperatures. An increase in the amount of moisture in the ground increases stress on the foundation of a home.

The pile foundation is designed for load-bearing walls made of timber up to 250 mm. Such a foundation is installed for the load-bearing walls of a large house with winter accommodation, located on marshy soils or with a large difference in relief above 0.5 m.

A columnar foundation can be used for the construction of lightweight one-story houses under timber up to 200 mm thick. It is less expensive, and modern building materials make it possible to modernize it. This way you can use concrete blocks.

Such supports are constructed with dimensions of 200x200x400 mm. They are also poured from concrete into formwork or into large-diameter asbestos-cement pipes installed on a sand bed at support points with high loads.

These foundations are preferable for freezing or heaving soils, which is associated with the least settlement under separately located supports and the best redistribution of load. The pillars are located at a distance of 2.0 m from each other with a sand cushion of at least 0.3 m deepened into the soil by 0.5 m.

Strip foundation for timber up to 200 mm for heavy structures of houses up to 3 floors. This design is universal for different types of buildings; they differ only in the depth of the foundation: buried - below the soil freezing level and shallowly buried - at a soil depth of no higher than 0.7 m. This allows you to correctly select the most suitable foundation for sandy or loamy areas.

The tape model is made in the form of a solid rigid frame structure, and it is not so important whether it is made of block material or in the form of a monolith. The minimum width of such a structure for timber walls should be 5 cm greater than their thickness on both sides.

The monolithic strip version with reinforcement is installed under timber over 200 mm for tall, large households, since it has a significant margin of safety. This leads to an increase in the cost of the house, since this foundation option is the most expensive. In addition, the construction period increases; according to the technology, such a foundation should harden and gain standard strength in about 30 days.

To determine the depth of such a foundation, the pressure from the soil exerted on its side is taken into account. At the same time, experts believe that there is no need to excessively deepen the foundation itself.

In the case when the house is very light, for example, a small country house, then its weight is not able to balance large underground loads, and the foundation will be squeezed out of the ground, which in turn will create deformation disturbances in house construction.

A prefabricated strip foundation for timber over 200 mm allows the construction of large houses for permanent residence. Such a base is made in the form of a block solid concrete structure. They are placed under load-bearing walls made of timber along the border of the house on a compacted sand cushion.

The blocks are connected to each other with cement. Suitable for all types of soils, with a depth of 50 cm. For small objects, light foundation blocks of 200x200x400 mm with a weight of 32 kg are installed, which can be laid manually.

Conclusions and comments

First of all, we wanted to test ourselves, because... Sometimes doubts arose about honesty towards our firewood buyers. Now the doubts are dispelled. Our stacking density and volume of firewood in stacked cubic meters meets the necessary requirements

.

If we turn again to the sawmill reference book (Note 1), it is obvious that the weight of 1 folded cube at a humidity of 50% will not always be 560.9 kg, because the weight of one dense cube is 790 kg - this is an average value and can range from 553 kg to 1027 kg. And, therefore, 1 stacker of birch chopped firewood (taking into account the coefficient of 0.71) can weigh from 392 kg to 729 kg. This is probably due to the different densities of trees and logs.

Of course, this experiment cannot be considered 100% objective, because At a minimum, a moisture meter is needed to determine humidity. Our forest may have different humidity levels because... There are many suppliers and the procurement and delivery times are different for everyone; accordingly, forest moisture can vary from 30 to 60%.

The transition to alternative energy sources forces us to pay attention to wood. This is what our ancestors used to heat their homes and cook food.

Stoves, fireplaces, solid fuel boilers - all these devices require wood, namely firewood. But all plants are different, and trees, having different structures and chemical compositions, differ in such characteristics as calorific value, weight, density, and humidity.

Experiment: weigh 1 cube of firewood.

The Drova72 company conducted an experiment, we weighed 1 folded cube (storage meter) of birch chopped firewood, natural humidity, ~50%.
We will discuss the results of this experiment in more detail below. This experiment in no way claims to be “scientific” or “100% objective”

, rather something between information from the Internet and laboratory research. But nevertheless, this is the first step on the path to truth and objectivity.

Next time we will repeat the experiment and try to find a moisture meter, as well as film the whole process on video.

In short, the results

At humidity ~50% and log length ~50cm:

• 1 folded cube weighs ~561 kg
  ;
• 1 dense cubic cube weighs ~790 kg
  .

In the text below, we reveal in detail the essence of the experiment. The calculation is based on information from

And

.