Botanical description[ | ]
The tree is about 25 m high and has a trunk diameter of about 1 m. In the arid regions of its range it grows as a shrub. The bark of the shoots is smooth, grayish-brown or bright gray in color, but can become rough, dark gray and break out in places from time to time. The branches are light, yellowish-gray, light gray-brown or light gray, smooth or woolly, with scattered lentils. Winter buds are ovoid to spherical in shape. The leaves are elliptic-oval to elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2-8 cm long and 1.2-3.5 cm wide, with a pointed apex and symmetrical base[5].
It blooms in April before the leaves bloom; the seeds ripen in May-June and quickly lose their germination capacity[6].
Smooth elm, photo, description, growing conditions, care
Smooth elm is a tree up to 25 m tall with a beautiful wide elliptical crown and thin, hanging branches.
The crown is peculiar, uneven, rather rounded, vaulted, usually slightly closed, multi-tiered or somewhat sparse.
Description
The branches of smooth elm in the lower tier of the crown are relatively short and horizontal, in the middle tier they first ascend and then droop.
Only the branches in the apical part radiate upward. Young shoots are fluffy, later smooth, light brown, shiny. The bark of mature trees is brownish-brown, peeling off in thin sheets.
The leaves are oblong or rounded-ovate, pointed at the top, sharply unequal at the base (12 by 6 cm).
The leaves are double-serrate along the edges, with crescent-shaped teeth; dark green above, hairless, light green below, softly hairy; in autumn they turn brownish-purple. The leaf petioles are very short, only about 5 mm long.
Small brownish flowers, with protruding purple stamens, on long drooping peduncles. Flowering duration is up to 10 days. The fruits are lionfish, ciliated along the edge.
Smooth elm is relatively shade-tolerant and winter-hardy. Grows quickly. It tolerates cutting well and keeps its shape. Lives up to 200-300 years. It is drought-resistant, but grows well only in deep, fresh soils.
In urban conditions, especially in street plantings, on poor and dry soils it has weak growth, early leaf fall and crown drying. Soil compaction and asphalt pavement also retard its growth. It does not tolerate dust and shading by buildings, as well as soil salinity.
Smooth elm is used in single and group plantings and looks good in row and alley plantings. In culture for a long time.
Decorative forms: golden-variegated (f. aureo-variegata), silver-variegated (f. argenteo-variegata), red (f. rubra) - with reddish leaves, cut-out (f. incisa) - with dissected leaves and grooves between them , lipolous (f. tiliaefolia) - with heart-shaped, rounded leaves reminiscent of linden leaves.
Decorative varieties of smooth elm are planted singly or in small groups.
Life form : Smooth elm Deciduous tree
Crown : Widely cylindrical, dense.
Growth Rate : Fast. The annual growth is 50 cm in height and 30 cm in width.
Height 25 m, crown diameter 20 m.
Durability: 250 years
Flowers: Bell-shaped, brown, 5 cm.
Leaves: Oval, dark green in spring and summer, orange in autumn, from 6 to 12 cm.
Decorative : Smooth elm Has a beautiful crown.
Use : Smooth elm is used for single plantings, alleys, decorative groups, and hedges.
Attitude
to light: shade-tolerant
to moisture: moisture-loving
to soil: demanding
to temperature: frost-resistant
Homeland: Scandinavia, England, Crimea, Caucasus.
Growing conditions, care
Most types of elm are fairly unpretentious plants that tolerate both lack of moisture and excessive flowing moisture; they are able to grow on saline soils, stony placers and rocks, on riverine sands and pebbles, and tolerate a lack of heat in the north and an excess of it in deserts.
It is precisely areas with extremely variable environmental factors, unfavorable to one degree or another for tree growth and forest development, that are typical for plant communities with a predominance of elms. Even in the floodplains of large rivers, where elms often form pure stands, their growth is usually associated with a narrow strip characterized by the most variable water regime.
, smooth elm usually grows in a mixture with other deciduous trees, mainly hard ones; its roots, both lateral and taproot, are strongly developed and go deep, which is why it requires deep and loose soil; a sufficient degree of freshness of the latter and an abundance of humus in it are necessary conditions for successful growth, although it also grows satisfactorily in flooded places and even in swampy ones.
Under favorable local conditions, the growth of elms in youth is very rapid; Around 40 years of age, development in height begins to decrease, although it continues until 80–100 years of age, with individual trees occasionally reaching a height of 30 m (usually 10–20 m). Strongly shading the soil and trees growing under its canopy, the elm itself easily tolerates shading.
Please note this:
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Distribution and ecology[ | ]
It grows mainly in the north, northwest and northeast of China, as well as in some southwestern provinces[5], in the Turkestan region, in Kazakhstan, on the southeastern spurs of the Dzungarian Alatau[7], Western Siberia, Mongolia, Tibet, India and Korea, and is also cultivated in Southern Europe and North America[5]. In the Far East it is found in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, the Amur Region[6].
Undemanding to soil fertility and moisture, tolerates low salinity. Grows quickly. Photophilous, winter-hardy. The roots are long, cord-like. Renewed by seeds and abundant growth from the stump. Easily propagated by seeds[3].
Druid horoscope - Elm. Photo tree Elm
Horoscope website on Magic MCH Ru Section: Druid Horoscope
Time of birth: January 12 - January 24; July 15 - July 25. Druid horoscope and general characteristics of people born at this time and their magical double - the Elm tree. Big, slender, beautiful. Very attractive to others, but has something restraining about him.
Elm - does not take too much care of himself, dresses with some simplicity, and often cannot part with his old favorite sweater.
ELM is not pretentious and does not like to complicate his life.
Elm is characterized by such traits as calmness and balance. The most noticeable drawback is the slowness.
The tendency to moralize is perhaps the most intolerable trait.
Contrary to appearances, a person from the Elm tree has poor health.
Straightforward and open, generous. Believes in human kindness. The cause he defends is always noble, and he believes that he will definitely achieve recognition.
He takes failures very seriously.
Elm does a lot of good for its loved ones, has a developed sense of responsibility and duty.
Elm is very passionate in feelings, maybe even ardent. If his choice is successful, then he creates such conditions that the love in his house will survive even a diamond wedding.
He loves to lead and least of all likes to obey. Has a great influence on others and often uses his influence.
Elm is absolutely adept at managing people. His demands are as great as the love he himself gives. Be patient with him, he's worth it.
Elm can be very loyal. He has a sound mind. He is distinguished by his mental alertness, concreteness and practicality.
Elm has a good sense of humor. Often this feeling saves him in moments of disappointment. His life will be pleasant and without any shocks, the way he wants for himself.
Traits of people born under the sign of ELM: observation, organizational skills, realism.
If you were born according to the Druid horoscope under the sign of the Elm tree, then when you are in nature, find your Elm and hug it or sit alone under a tree. The magical powers of the tree will fill you with vital energy and cleanse you of negativity. Just have a heart-to-heart talk with your Elm and feel how you will feel at ease. And whoever engages in magical practice will feel an increase in magical power. Use the magic of nature of the Elm tree - it is very powerful, bright and fills us with knowledge and vitality, which we must use for good, because this is such a generous gift from Mother Nature herself!
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Meaning and Application[ | ]
Elm with cork bark, formed like a bonsai.
Tolerates the most severe cutting and pruning at any age, which allows you to create borders of any height from it, form a variety of crowns - spherical, conical, etc. Hedges of squat elm around fruit and berry gardens should be removed from cultivated plants at a sufficient distance, otherwise it will choke them with its long roots[3].
The disadvantage of this species (as well as others) is its vulnerability to harmful insects and diseases. The greatest harm is caused by the Dutch disease, caused by the fungus graphium ulmi and leading to massive drying out of trees [3].
This elm is often used for reforestation. Fiber is obtained from the bark, which is used instead of hemp[5].
Elm in the garden plot, or Knitting theme
November 28, 2011
We dedicate this article to fans of large-scale sports and those who are just about to join them. Although the elm family includes some very miniature plants that are ideal for bonsai compositions, most trees are distinguished by their substantial size.
An adult elm can reach 16 meters in height, and its crown grows up to 10 meters in diameter. Bush versions of this plant also reach up to 6 meters.
The main charm of elm is its absolute unpretentiousness. This tree loves sun or partial shade. At the same time, it calmly tolerates dry soil or prolonged rains, wind and even severe frost. Adult plants don’t even mind temperatures down to minus 50 degrees - they may freeze a little at the edges, but they quickly recover.
Smooth or common elm (Ulmus laevis)
Birch bark, hornbeam elm, elm (Ulmus carpinifolia)
Landscape decoration
Elms grow quite quickly. In three to four years, a small cutting can grow into a very decent tree, and young plants grow by a meter every year. Such rapid development makes it possible to successfully use elms in the formation of hedges. They tolerate pruning well, and thanks to rapid regeneration, their crown quickly thickens and turns into a dense mass. By the way, this same property makes elm a favorite among topiary fans.
In addition to green fences, standard or bush versions of this plant are often used in other landscape design compositions. Elm can be a soloist on the lawn, fits organically into a Japanese rock garden, and harmonizes well with apple trees, felt cherries, bird cherry, or field ash.
Standard plants can serve as a “roof” in a shady composition. The spreading dense crown creates an excellent shelter, in the shade of which you can plant ferns, bergenia, astilbe, hosta and lilies of the valley.
Lovers of harmony and color balance are probably already wondering, what does elm look like? The crown of this plant is made up of densely growing, pointed leaves, jagged along the edges and colored dark green. Elm is a deciduous tree, but it is in no hurry to shed its plumage, and the leaves remain on the branches until severe frosts, eventually acquiring a yellowish-olive hue. The elm blooms even before the leaves appear with small flowers collected in bunches.
Squat elm or elm (Ulmus pumila)
Naked or rough elm (Ulmus glabra)
How to plant and care?
In a word, elm on a personal plot is good and healthy. How to plant it? First, let's please gardeners who every year fight with young shoots of apple and cherry trees. Elm does not reproduce through its root system. The main method of planting it is cuttings. You can propagate elms on your property yourself - you can root dozens of cuttings from one mature tree and, if you wish, create a real street of elms in your dacha without any nightmares. The best time for rooting is June and July.
There are no special tricks in planting this tree, but for the first three to four days the tree needs plenty of watering (up to ten liters of water per square meter), especially if the weather is hot outside. After planting, the tree trunk space is mulched with peat or wood chips in a layer of up to ten centimeters.
The active growth period for elms occurs in the middle zone from April to October. All work on pruning and thinning the crown must be carried out before the growing season. The exception is the work on topiary molding, which is carried out throughout the summer.
But it’s better not to rush with molding. In the first years you will only need to remove dried and dead branches, and begin the first serious pruning around the fourth year. The main thing is not to forget to generously coat all cut areas with thick garden varnish so that fungi or bacteria do not get into the wounds. In general, elm gets sick very rarely, and pests do not like it, but sometimes weakened trees can become victims of spider mites.
And lastly, if you contact elm, then it will last for a long time. The tree is distinguished by its love of life. There are individual plants of this species known in the world whose age reaches 500 and even 800 years. Even in indoor conditions, elm can live more than 50 years.
Dear readers of www.green-portal.ru, we bring to your attention a video about squat elm :
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Notes[ | ]
- For the convention of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons”.
- ↑ 1 2 3
Taxonomy, synonymy and biology on the
BioLib - ↑ 1234
Usenko, 1984, p. 89. - School etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Origin of words. / ed. N. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrova - M.: Bustard, 2004.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4
Invasive Plants Established in the United States that are Found in Asia and Their Associated Natural Enemies.
Ulmus pumila
Siberian elm (English). - Vol. II. - P. 139-150. - ↑ 12
Vorobyov, 1968, p. 92. - Other types of elms (undefined)
. Archived from the original on April 20, 2014.
ELM
At first glance, it seems that extracting wood in the city is much more difficult than in the forest or in summer cottages, since the green spaces of forest parks, parks, gardens, squares and boulevards are more strictly protected by law and you can’t just cut down a tree. However, the city constantly carries out selective sanitary felling to remove dead, drying out trees affected by diseases and pests. In addition, the consequences of natural phenomena are eliminated: storms, freezing rains, fires, as well as the repair and replacement of underground communications. Trees are being cut down constantly, and before my eyes, several areas with green spaces that were given over for development have disappeared. You just need to carefully monitor what is happening around you, listen to the sounds of a chainsaw outside the window, and you won’t be left without wood in the city. To transport it to the house, I once welded a convenient cart from a corner on two rubber wheels with a carrying capacity of fifty to one hundred kilograms.
Elm or elm is a genus of trees in the elm family, varieties of which are also called birch bark, elm and elm.
When landscaping our neighborhood, the common (smooth) elm was widely used - a powerful, attractive tree with a spreading crown - but years passed and these plantings were greatly reduced due to the defeat of the fungal “Dutch disease” - the worldwide curse of this breed. I myself sawed dried trees, collected ridges after sanitary felling and used them to create artistic products, however, in combination with other brighter species: bog oak, walnut, lilac, etc. Solid, light and fairly uniform elm wood is aesthetically pleasing not very attractive (photo 1). In photos 2 and 3
Photo 1. Bowl made of common elm.
Photo 2. Bowl made of small-leaved elm.
Photo 3. Bowl made from the fork of small-leaved elm.
presented are bowls from another rarer species among us - squat elm (small-leaved), distinguished by a pleasant combination of brownish core and yellowish sapwood. It is the only elm in our country that is resistant to Dutch disease and is very popular both for stem wood and growths among North American turners under the name Siberian elm. After the freezing rain of 2010, I collected a number of already sawn trunks of this species near my home. They are inferior in thickness to common elm, but can still sometimes reach 300 mm or even more in the butt.
In a forest clearing not far from my dacha in Meshchera, I often admire a huge multi-trunked common elm (photo 4), and in another place I look with great amazement at the rough elm (photo 5) - quite young trees with a thick dark green
Photo 4. Common V/Yaz (smooth) in the forests of Meshchera
Photo 5. Rough elm in the forests of Meshchera.
crowns, which so pleasantly diversify the poor species composition of our northern tree stand and seem to me like patricians among the plebeians. Where are they from? So far I have only seen them in the city. The large, rough, dark green leaves of the latter are similar to hazel leaves (photo 6). Its wood seems to be similar
Photo 6. Leaves of slippery elm
with that of smooth elm, but this still needs to be confirmed. Both types of elm, scattering seeds, form small groves around themselves, i.e. There is a natural enrichment of the species composition of our not very diverse forest stand. It's gratifying. Recently, the thought has been drilling into my head that we need to help nature with this and start throwing into the forest the seeds of those trees that are already growing in the city and in our garden plots, for example, angustifolia, black locust, mulberry, riverine maple (Ginnal), etc. I will write more about this later.
If you liked my products, then you can purchase them in my workshop in Moscow or by mail. All turning products of the current summer season will be shown in the “GALLERIES” section of the blog menu. Contact me by phone 8 (929) 979-13-99 or mail
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