A wooden house is good for everyone, except for one thing: wood burns well. This means that in the event of a fire, nothing will remain of the building. The construction of buildings from wood materials is impossible without special fire-resistant impregnations. Protection and fire protection treatment of a wooden house no less than antiseptic treatment is necessary. Manufacturers of timber and rounded logs impregnate lumber with fire retardants, but before construction begins, the wood treatment must be repeated. And periodically update it after moving into the house.
Fire retardant composition for a wooden house
Today, the Russian chemical industry offers many different fire-fighting compounds. Choosing a quality product among this abundance is quite difficult. Experts in the field of wood fire protection recommend using impregnations from the Pirilax series , developed by. These compositions are characterized positively by professionals and are currently one of the most effective fire protection products on the market. The Pirilax composition effectively prevents wood fire[2]. In addition, these compositions are safe for animals and people.
Fire retardant compounds for wood "Pirilax" contain non-washable antiseptics, which at the same time allows you to preserve the beauty of the wood and improve the performance characteristics of the wooden structure.
Methods
The algorithm for constructing the list is simple - from the oldest, but proven, to the modern, sometimes innovative.
Wet plaster:
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Fire retardant mastics
Types and scope
- It is used to cover wooden structures with a thick layer. After drying, pillars, columns, rafters and other load-bearing structures, including walls/partitions, ceilings, find themselves in a dense non-flammable shell of inorganic substances, which prevents not only ignition from a direct flame source, for example, from a splinter/torch, but also long-term exposure to high temperature from a burning hearth or stove.
- A reliable, proven method, but too archaic, labor-intensive, and the aesthetic appearance of the dried, exfoliated “scabs” of plaster does not add to its admirers/supporters for use as decorative interior decoration. However, in old buildings built in the Russian Empire and at the dawn of Soviet power, it can still be found, most often in attics, dry basements, used/are used as warehouses. There it is covered with rafter structures, partitions, ceilings, and racks for storing goods.
- In the USSR, for quite a long time, interior partitions during mass construction, made of boards and covered with wooden shingles, were treated in this way. As they say, cheap and cheerful - but safe. A kind of hardened plasterboard from the past, which is impossible to break through, unlike today’s “paper”.
Fire retardant coatings, pastes, coatings, mastics:
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Fire retardant paints
Types, properties, advantages, application rules
- By and large, these are more modern interpretations/variations of wet plaster. It’s just that instead of the traditional finishing material – lime, they use non-flammable binders, as well as water, with various fillers – clay, vermiculite, various mineral salts/fertilizers, for example, silicates, superphosphate.
- Both the method of applying these materials, dense in consistency, to the surface of wood structures - with a trowel/trowel, a rough brush, and the “wonderful” appearance of the finished fire retardant coating, which is unlikely to please people with artistic taste, are similar to the use of wet plaster. As a rule, the scope of application of this method of fire protection is production and warehouse buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises, from barns to workshops, where there is an abundance of wooden structures, such as rafters and roof sheathing.
- In the Soviet Union, many manufacturing methods and formulations of such viscous fire retardant compositions were developed. For example, intumescent coatings VPD, VPM-2, superphosphate, clay-salt coating with lime, OPK, OPV-1 based on vermiculite. For information, their use is justified and legal today.
Thus, at the time of writing the article, the Soviet GOST 25130-82 is in force for the high-pressure air flow.
Facing:
- This constructive protection is very effective. It is made using natural stone, decorative brick, ceramic tiles, and fire-resistant sheet materials produced today. For example, GVL, GKL, having the appropriate PB certificate.
- The advantages include a significant increase in the fire resistance limit of the overall “pie” of wood + a layer of structural fire protection; excellent appearance, quite suitable for finishing premises of almost any design.
- The disadvantages are the large total weight, the inability to protect geometrically complex elements of load-bearing structures of buildings in this way, for example, the rafter system; reduction in the volume of premises.
Varnishes, paints, enamels:
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Fire retardant impregnation
Types, composition, requirements, procedure for processing materials
- One of the fairly new methods that appeared with the invention/creation of modern materials capable of creating effective protection against fire, high temperature, surface spread of smoldering/ignition with a thin layer of film/coating; while maintaining the appearance/structure of the wood base, or having quite acceptable decorative properties for use in the decoration of public places, up to historical architectural monuments - palace complexes, museums.
- In addition, they can have antiseptic properties and protect against moisture harmful to wood.
- But there were some downsides here too. The distribution of such materials is limited by the relatively high cost.
Impregnation, application of fire retardant compounds:
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Means and methods of fire protection of wooden structures
- The most common method today, used in mass construction, the production of various materials/products from different types of wood - from laminated veneer lumber for the construction of residential buildings, outbuildings; sheet materials such as chipboard, MDF, children's furniture, and interior decoration elements.
- Impregnating fire retardant composition for wood is an aqueous solution of salts, called fire retardants for their properties, with various modifying additives that improve adhesion and penetration into layers of natural material; dyes to control the treated/untouched surface during work.
- There are two types of this method - surface and deep impregnation. The first is the most common, used in construction by applying a fire retardant solution with brushes, rollers, or spraying under pressure onto already installed/assembled or prepared wooden building elements.
- The second is more complex, requiring impregnation baths, autoclaves with a large working volume for loading prepared wood, long-term processing under the influence of cyclic temperature conditions (heating-cooling), pressure; which leads to a significant increase in the cost of this method compared to surface application.
True, the fire-retardant properties of such finished material are much better. But more on that a little later.
Treating wood with a fire retardant compound
The compositions should be applied to clean, unpainted wood using a brush, roller or spray. After impregnation, the wood should not be subjected to mechanical processing, as this will lead to a loss of protective properties. Attention! Treatment of prepared wood with the selected fire-retardant (fire-bioprotective) composition must be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions!
The tree will be reliably protected from fire after a single treatment with Pirilax at a consumption of 280 g/m2. Fire protection work with Pirilax impregnations can be carried out at low temperatures down to -25°C. To do this, the composition must be heated to 50-60°C or diluted with hot water in a ratio of 1 kg of impregnation per 0.5 kg of water[3].
- Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”
- Biopyren "Pirilax" characteristics and description
- Features of the use of biopyrene "Pirilax"
How does fire protection work?
Protecting wood from fire is possible in two ways:
- Fire retardants, which contain fusible substances (salts of silicic, boric or phosphoric acid), melt when heated, forming a resistant film that does not allow air to pass to the wooden surface. Thanks to this, the ignition temperature of wood significantly increases, and therefore its fire resistance.
- If the fire-fighting mixture contains ammonia or other similar preparations, then during a fire they release gases that suppress the flame and push oxygen away from the surface of the wood.
additional information
Wood processing is necessary, and there is also other important information about this:
- Fire retardant materials for wood, despite their relatively high price, quickly pay for themselves, especially since their consumption per 1 m2 is not so high. This characteristic is indicated by the manufacturer. In addition, it also contains an antiseptic.
- The drug intended for processing must have a certificate of conformity.
- Fire retardant treatment at enterprises is carried out by specialized organizations.
- The layer impregnated with a fire retardant composition will last a long time.
- The resulting fire will not affect all structures.
- The purchased drug should not be skimped on when applied, otherwise the desired effect will not be ensured.
