Thin boards: types of lumber, production technology, types of boards and their use in construction and repair

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It is quite difficult to find a construction task for which thin boards would not be used: these products are almost universal, and the variety of shapes and sizes of manufactured parts allows them to be used almost everywhere.

In our article we will talk about the production technology of such material, and also analyze where and for what it can be used.

Every builder needs this material!

Description of building material

Types of lumber

As a result of woodworking, logs are sawn into several pieces of different sizes. At the same time, several different parts can be cut from one blank at once - this way we not only save wood, but also expand the range of products produced.

Lumber can have different shapes and sizes

We describe the main types of products obtained from solid blanks in the table:

It is the last variety of lumber listed in the table that is the subject of consideration in our article. This is quite logical, because it is thin boards that make up a significant part of all products used for construction and repair.

Thin board production technology

The manufacturing technique for such parts can be divided into two stages:

• first, blanks of the desired shape and size are made from the log;
• then the blanks are used to form products with the stated parameters and performance properties, for example, a thin terrace board or façade plank.

Log cutting options

The production algorithm itself looks like this:

1. Logs are used as raw materials, which undergo primary sorting, calibration and drying. It should be noted that the price of products is largely determined by the wood used: thus, common pine will almost always cost less than rarer and more difficult to process oak.
2. The log is fed to the sawmill, where it is sawed in accordance with the task. The cutting is usually carried out along the grain.

Rough cut

Note! Most often, the workpiece is either spread onto unedged boards, or slabs are removed from the surfaces, forming a beam. Then smaller parts are cut from this timber.

1. As a result of these actions, we obtain the so-called sawn board, which can already be used in construction.

Additional operations

However, the technological process is not limited to this.

Depending on what material is required, the following operations can be performed:

• drying - carried out either in special chambers or on areas protected from direct sunlight and precipitation. As a result, the moisture content of the wood is reduced, making the products less susceptible to deformation;

Heat treatment of workpieces

• heat treatment – ​​drying, accompanied by exposure of the workpiece to hot steam and high (up to 2000 C) temperatures. After this, we get a so-called thermal board, which can be used for facade work without fear that it will swell upon contact with moisture;
• processing on a planing machine - performed to level all surfaces;

Note! The planed thin board has smooth edges, which allows it to be used for finishing and making various structures without preparation.

• profiling - performed either on a planing or milling machine. At the same time, protrusions and depressions are formed at the ends, which make it possible to connect several parts into a lock.

Milling the lock on the end

How to choose the right variety

Once the wood arrives at the warehouse, it is no longer checked for defects. When purchasing timber, a person must rely on regulatory control and his own knowledge. To make the right choice, you need to study the varietal characteristics and rely only on them.

Often, instead of digital values, wood grades are marked with the letters A, B, C. These designations correspond to the number of defects in the product.

Sometimes you may encounter the fact that a selective class is marked with the number 0, or with an ordinary horizontal line. The first class (1) is indicated by a dot, the second by two dots or two slashes. Third grade (3), by analogy, 3 dots or 3 vertical stripes. Each manufacturer labels their products differently.

Tips for choosing lumber:

If the products are required for outdoor use, then you should pay attention to the absence of deep cracks on them. As for knots, they significantly reduce the mechanical characteristics of wood. Closely spaced growth rings are a sign of material strength

If the rings run parallel to each other, then you can safely make furniture from such wood. Hardwoods are suitable for constructing stairs and flooring. You should not use selected grade timber where second- or third-grade raw materials will do.

You can determine the quality and type of wood visually, but it is better to purchase timber from a trusted supplier.

Types of boards and their use in construction and repair

As we noted at the very beginning, thin lumber is used almost everywhere. But still, if you do the work yourself, you should select wooden blanks that best suit the task at hand.

Thin coniferous board with locks on the ends

We will give a few examples below:

1. Unedged boards, as well as planks that have not been processed on a planer, are most often used in rough work. They are used to construct wooden floors and ceilings, temporary partitions, hidden structures, etc. Sometimes these materials are used for the installation of lathing - frames to which this or that finishing material will be attached.
2. Planed boards are an excellent raw material for both construction and the furniture industry. It is from planed blanks that carpentry products are made - window and door frames, frames for them, window sills, platbands, furniture panels, etc.
3. Thin floorboards, as well as lining, must be equipped with locks at the ends. Thanks to the tongue-and-groove fastening system, we are able to lay a floor or sheathe a wall/ceiling with a minimum number of cracks, ensuring effective thermal insulation.

Photos of the plank floor installation process

1. Separately, it is worth mentioning the facade panels. As we noted, the instructions for their manufacture provide for multi-stage processing, which seriously increases the cost of the material. But this produces products that, despite their small thickness, have enviable strength and resistance to external influences.

However, this is only a small part of the problems that can be solved using such products. So the demand for thin boards will continue for a very long time.

GOST standards

Like any other standards, standard sizes of lumber are designated and collected in regulatory documents - GOSTs.

The main document describing these standards is GOST 8486-86. It specifies the technical conditions for the use of coniferous materials, which are the most used in construction.

Issues of technical requirements for boards made of coniferous wood are also regulated by other documents. For example, interstate GOST 24454-80 is key to the issue of sizes and determines the standard sizes of lumber for coniferous species, common in the countries of the former USSR, and GOST 26002-83 describes increased requirements for export types of boards.

GOST 24454-80 contains a table indicating the standard sizes, as well as the principle approach to classification. The topic of sizes should be considered based on this classification, as well as individual examples.

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