What is bakelite plywood and how is it superior to regular plywood?

...Sounds anecdotal. But it was on fighters with plywood wings and fuselage that our pilots won in the skies of World War II. To this day, plywood flies into the air as part of light gliders. And also, serving as a material for making parts of ships and yachts, it plows the seas and oceans...

Of course, we are not talking about ordinary, but about the so-called moisture-resistant ship plywood (or, otherwise, delta wood), which today is actively being developed in the field of construction and interior decoration.

This composite is based on compressed birch or pine veneer, heat-treated under pressure, sanded and coated with bakelite varnish (a solution of resol formaldehyde resin) - a polymer that is structurally bonded to wood. In the production of plywood, wood plates are coated (or impregnated) with a plasticizing adhesive composition based on the same formaldehyde and folded so that the fibers in adjacent layers are perpendicular, which gives the material special density and strength. In addition, it is characterized by excellent resistance to moisture and various chemical compounds (oils, weak acids, alkalis, etc.), fire resistance, and insensitivity to temperature changes.

Thanks to its properties, bakelite plywood can rightfully claim to be a universal material. It does not emit harmful substances and is safe, like natural wood (it is not prone to cracking and does not rot); as durable as a solid polymer; wear-resistant like steel (but lighter than it and does not corrode), and in density (1200 kg/m³) it exceeds oak wood and is comparable to crushed stone and expanded clay concrete.

Bakelite plywood is durable, can be used at temperatures from –50 to +50°C, and can easily withstand ultraviolet radiation, precipitation and high humidity

Surface preparation

Before impregnating plywood from moisture, its surface must be prepared.
This process consists of several stages: The slab is dried. It should be such that the plywood is protected efficiently. Next comes grinding the surface. Before impregnating the plywood for moisture resistance, it is necessary to clean it well. To do this, use fine-grained sandpaper

For ease of operation, it is attached to a wooden block, and the surface is polished with this device. Particular attention is paid to the ends of the sheet. All chips and burrs are removed

If the chips are quite large, you can use wood putty.

It is advisable to acclimatize the plywood; how long this process will take depends on the temperature. If the material is intended to be used indoors, then one day is enough for drying; outdoors at a temperature of 80C and below - 3 days.

Now you understand how to treat plywood to increase its moisture resistance and hydrophobic qualities at home, and you don’t have to buy expensive brands of products. You can use the fairly effective processing methods presented above.

Moisture-resistant marine plywood for boats: features of the material, where you can buy it, price

As a universal material, marine moisture-resistant plywood has found its application in shipbuilding; it is the optimal solution for finishing work on various ships.

This material is used:

• on yachts;
• on boats;
• on boats.

Note!

As a finishing, marine plywood is used not only on the inside, but also on the outside of the boat, which indicates a high degree of resistance to the destructive effects of salt water, which destroys wood much more strongly than fresh water.

Sample sheet

The raw materials for the manufacture of these products are special types of wood, which have the highest strength characteristics and moisture resistance, due to which it is able to withstand long-term testing even by the most aggressive atmospheric phenomena, including sudden changes in temperature.

You can even buy such practical material with home delivery. As for cost, the price of sheets depends on several factors.

The cost may be affected by:

• the nature of the processing used in the production process;
• the character of texture it has;
• the number of layers glued together, and, consequently, the thickness of the sheet.

Note!

The more thin layers of wood veneer a sheet contains, the stronger it becomes as a result.

Due to its advantages, marine plywood for boats has gained popularity all over the world. Moreover, it is suitable not only for amateur use; many professional ship projects are created based on these products.

Features and benefits

Since these types of material are intended for more aggressive and specific operating conditions than conventional ones, the requirements for it increase significantly. And the technology for producing products in this case will differ from the traditional one.

Varieties

To avoid the occurrence of voids or any other defects inside, each layer of veneer is carefully glued together during production using a resorcinol (formaldehyde) adhesive composition. As a result, the level of adhesion of the material increases significantly.

Advantages:

• high resistance to moisture;
• increased strength characteristics;
• is lightweight;
• exhibits resistance to the negative effects of environmental factors, including sudden changes in temperature, as well as atmospheric influences;
• resistance to damage and cracking;
• has a long effective service life;
• sheets have a hard surface.

Features of Okume

As a rule, waterproof plywood is made from birch veneer, less often from coniferous wood. However, there are exceptions; some types are made from wood of tropical origin. This is Okume marine plywood, which is called red because of the shade found in tropical trees.

Okume Leaf

List of suitable tree species:

• mahogany;
• sandalwood;
• purposepinia;
• amaranth, etc.

This is just a small list of trees from which it can be made. Many of the listed trees are similar in structure or even related, but the sheets may not be created from high-quality raw materials, so product characteristics may vary depending on the wood used.

The use of various resins determines the purpose of plywood, which can be labeled as a material for external or, conversely, internal placement.

Note!

If use is intended for external work, more stringent requirements are put forward, including not only external, but also internal layers.

If you see markings that indicate that Okume is intended for interior work, most likely the core of such sheets is made of lower quality wood.

The cost of any of them on the market is quite high, which is why Okume is not very widespread.

Features of teak sheet

Deck marine teak plywood, in addition to its inherent moisture resistance, has a stylish appearance. This type is made from moisture-resistant tree species using special adhesive compositions. A teak veneer is applied on top, which is coated with a high-strength varnish, thanks to which all external characteristics are preserved.

Teak pattern

Advantages:

• moisture resistance;
• does not fade;
• the surface is easy to clean and does not retain dirt stains;
• stylish design;
• does not rot or dry out over time;
• has a long service life.

This type is most often used when performing interior finishing work in boat cabins, in the kitchen area and recreation area. It is good as a covering for walls and floors, and can also be used for making elements on the deck and making decorative edging in this part of the ship.

Teak finish

If you are interested in such material, you can buy these products in stores, the contact details of which are listed below along with some prices for the product.

Price

Below are the contacts of companies that sell marine plywood, prices and brief characteristics of the material.

We stock marine plywood for boats. You can buy material with a thickness from 2 to 40 mm.

• Address:
  sh. Shchelkovskoe 100, building 2, Moscow
• Call here:
  (495) 72 268 75
• Find out more:
  www.ooosmg.ru

Marine plywood for sale. You can buy a sheet 2500*1220 at the price:

• Address:
  Petrovskaya Spit 9, St. Petersburg
• Call here:
  (812) 63 303 10
• Find out more:
  rigclub.ru

Peculiarities

There are many options for this material, they all differ in their width, coating and manufacturing features.

In order to choose the optimal product, you need to pay close attention to studying the characteristics. Plywood is a regular sheet that is created using wood

In turn, it goes through several stages of processing, which gives the product its unique properties.

The process of gluing the layers occurs through the use of special compounds, which are usually based on resins. The result is a lightweight material that can also boast of its resistance to temperature changes.

Among the main advantages of such a product are the following.

• Resistance to moisture, so the material can even be used for finishing a bathroom. This can be achieved due to the fact that when in contact with water, the plywood sheets do not delaminate and do not lose their shape.
• Ease of processing and installation. This material is famous for its strength, so you can use any processing tools without fear. Plywood can be cut, sawed or drilled without any problems, which makes it stand out from other materials.
• Possibility to combine with other materials. It should be noted that laminated plywood is very often used as an additional material, so it is perfect for finishing a ceiling, floor or roof. Most experts use this plywood in combination with natural wood.
• Huge scope of application. Laminated plywood can boast of its unique performance characteristics, which allows it to be used in the process of finishing work, in the production of furniture and decorations.

A distinctive feature of moisture-resistant laminated plywood is that during the manufacturing process it is processed much longer and is also covered with thicker paper. This paper is impregnated with a special composition, which makes the finished product durable and allows it not to lose its properties for a long time. In addition, it provides resistance to water.

Laminated plywood differs from other materials in that it is almost insensitive to temperature changes, so it can even be used in a bathhouse. The special layer also protects against the effects of cleaning agents, including aggressive abrasives. Another feature of this plywood is that it contains a minimal amount of phenol. This results in a more elastic and durable material, which also has a varnished protective layer of polymer.

Application

The high performance properties of bakelite plywood, primarily resistance to impact loads and atmospheric factors, allow it to be used in construction for both interior and exterior work. From rigid moisture-resistant FBS boards, you can build light garden buildings (summer kitchens, gazebos), canopies and podiums, assemble flooring for open areas, foundations for floors and roofs. They are also used for facade cladding of frame houses and the construction of partitions. For finishing ceilings, floors and walls indoors, thinner laminated FBV sheets are sufficient, which will perform excellently even in wet areas.

“Hard-wearing” shiplap plywood is an excellent option for making pieces of furniture, as well as for cladding a “windswept” front door. Since the material can be milled, the surfaces can be further decorated.

Manufacturers position bakelite plywood, in particular, as a material for the construction of formwork. But, given its cost, this can only be justified for reusable use.

Case set

Plywood boat design.
If, as a result of operating a plywood boat, the frames are damaged, then they also need to be repaired. They do not need to be changed, but you will need to install special linings that will duplicate them. It is assumed that they will have the same cross-section. Typically, such linings are fastened with rivets. The defective area must be covered. For this purpose, a reserve of 200 mm is made when preparing the part.

If the frames are in poor condition, they should be replaced. You should not use regular pads.

Frames are quite complex structural parts. When preparing them, you must keep the workpiece for some time in hot water, which is poured into a special pipe. If we talk about parts that are small in size, you can use wet rags for wrapping. As a result, you need to get wood that will be subject to deformation without any problems. It needs to be bent along the contour of the body.

Sometimes special slats are used to attach a new frame. They will also have to be bent. To do this you will need hot water. They can be installed either with glue or with self-tapping screws.

Properties

Here are the properties of bakelite plywood that made it so popular in shipbuilding:

• Water resistance. It tolerates prolonged contact with fresh and salt water; Moreover, the minimum service life in the most extreme conditions is estimated at 15 years;

Kayak with plywood hull.

• Fire resistance. It doesn't burn; the material just begins to char with the release of a small amount of low-toxic smoke when reaching 350 degrees;
• Strength. As already mentioned, it is not much inferior to a steel sheet of similar thickness;

Curious: when cutting bakelite plywood with your own hands, without power tools, use a hacksaw. This instruction is related specifically to the strength of the material: a saw designed for wood will leave only small scratches on the workpiece.

• Resistant to all types of mold and mildew.

The density of the material is approximately 1150 – 1200 kg/m3. Bakelite is the only type of plywood that sinks in water.

What kind of plywood is used for formwork?

Plywood is divided into types depending on what glue is used in its production. For the construction of formwork, the following types of this material are used: FBA, FSF, bakelized plywood.

FBA

This is a type of plywood in which layers of veneer are glued together with albumin casein glue. This makes it environmentally friendly and places it among natural materials. It can be laid in residential areas. However, it is not the best option for repeated use as a formwork material, since it is not resistant to moisture.

Environmentally friendly FBA plywood is used indoors, but is not practical as a reusable formwork material

FSF

This type of plywood is moisture resistant. The layers in it are glued together with phenol-formaldehyde resin, which determines its moisture-proof qualities. It is recommended to be used for outdoor work, including the creation of formwork. It will withstand many cycles of use. Phenol-formaldehyde resin is toxic, so using such plywood indoors is not environmentally friendly.

Formwork made from this type of plywood can be reused many times

Laminated plywood

A laminating layer on the surface of plywood improves its moisture resistance. Typically, FSF plywood is laminated from hardwood, usually birch. Such plywood can have a smooth or corrugated surface, giving it anti-slip properties. It is laminated plywood that is often used for formwork.

Lamination increases the moisture resistance of plywood

Non-laminated plywood can be unsanded or sanded on one or both sides. The main purpose of grinding is to improve the aesthetic qualities of the material. It also eliminates minor surface defects and, as a result, makes the material more resistant to mechanical damage - chipping and warping.

Bakelized plywood

Its layers are glued together with bakelite resin. It gives the material special strength and resistance to aggressive environments. Thanks to this, it can be used in different climatic conditions. Bakelized plywood can withstand temperature changes, even significant ones - from -50°C to +50°C. It is used in humid tropical climates and conditions of the far north. If construction takes place in one of these regions, this type of plywood is ideal.

Bakelized (bakelite) plywood is used in extreme climatic conditions

Russian or Chinese plywood?

The domestic market offers plywood from Russian, Finnish and Chinese production. The first two practically do not differ from each other in quality; plywood of some Finnish brands is even produced in factories in Russia. At the same time, the cost of the Russian one is significantly lower. Chinese plywood can be used in low-rise construction as an economical option. Its quality is low. It is not suitable for repeated use in multi-story construction.

Marine plywood: characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, prices

If previously “marine” plywood was used only in shipbuilding (boats and ships were made), now it is used for interior and exterior decoration. Currently, ship plywood in the construction market is considered one of the most popular finishing materials.

Plywood for ship construction

Specifications

Main technical characteristics:

• this type (marine/aviation/delta wood) is called glued veneer under the brand name FB;
• Available in sheets;
• standard width 1250 mm and 1500 mm;
• standard length: 2800/5650/5700 millimeters;
• thickness is in the range of 5-20 millimeters;
• the density of the material is 1.2 MPa.

Advantages

The advantages of marine plywood include:

• high level of reliability and strength (unlike other types of plywood, “marine” plywood is considered the most durable);
• moisture-resistant marine plywood (the water resistance index is higher than that of other types of plywood);
• does not rot;
• low weight (due to the lightness of the material, installation is quick);
• the material is resistant to temperature changes;
• the material is resistant to different weather conditions (regardless of whether the sun is shining or it is raining, plywood does not lose its properties, it does not become less durable and reliable due to such weather conditions);
• does not crack;
• high level of rigidity;
• durability.

Laminated waterproof material

Important!

How reliable and durable ship plywood will be depends on how many glued layers of veneer it consists of. It is worth noting that the quality of wood also affects the durability and reliability of the product.

Peculiarities

Unlike other types of plywood, “marine” plywood has high performance characteristics, thanks to which a product made from this material can withstand any atmospheric conditions well.

For example, if ship plywood is used for its intended purpose, to build a boat, then the high level of salts in the sea, as well as other natural factors, do not negatively affect the product. This type of material is recognized as moderately hardy.

Boat making process

This type of plywood is also used in construction work, when a material with high performance characteristics is needed. In such cases, choose marine plywood, which is of high cost (the price depends on the quality). As a rule, high-quality marine glued veneer is not cheap.

In addition to the fact that this type of material has excellent technical characteristics, it also has a presentable appearance. In order to make the material attractive, it is covered with wood veneer.

As for color, there are about sixteen shades in which ship plywood can be decorated. It can have a shade ranging from a light cream tone to a rich brown (chocolate) tone.

Also, this material is distinguished by texture; plywood can have a rough surface (pronounced wood) or it can be perfectly smooth - laminated ship plywood.

Marine plywood door with porthole

The material can also be milled. For example, if a door is made from ship plywood, then it can be decorated with a pattern. It is worth noting that an entrance door made from marine plywood will not only have an attractive appearance, but it will also have high performance indicators (such a product will withstand temperature changes, weather conditions, etc.).

Marine plywood is today a universal finishing material. It is perfect for both indoor and outdoor decoration.

For example, it can be used to cover a wooden entrance door. Temperature changes, rain, snow, scorching sun have no effect on the quality of the product.

However, for a marine plywood product to truly last, you must choose high quality marine plywood. There is no point in chasing cheapness. Such material (high quality) is produced by countries such as France, Singapore, England, Malaysia and Israel.

Production

In order to achieve high technical characteristics, ship plywood is made using other technologies that differ from the usual ones from those used in the production of ordinary plywood.

Each layer of veneer is carefully joined. This is necessary in order to prevent the formation of cracks and “air pockets”.

The veneer layers are glued exclusively with formaldehyde adhesive. Due to this glue, the adhesion index, which is necessary for the product to tolerate moisture well, will be high.

The veneer is pressed under pressure of six atmospheres at a temperature of 270 degrees.

Place of production of material

It is worth noting that a light adhesive composition is not suitable for gluing veneers, since it is not capable of giving plywood the same properties as formaldehyde glue.

The main feature of ship plywood is its high moisture resistance. It is this feature that distinguishes marine plywood from other types of plywood.

Price

Below is the price for ship plywood. You can buy sheet material using the details below the table.

Italian (Sifar) marine plywood on sale. Price of sheet 3100*1530:

• Location:
  sh. Dzerzhinskoye 5/4, Kotelniki
• Call here:
  + 7 (929) 96 605 33
• Find out more:
  www.nt2005.ru

The branch offers to buy ship plywood in the 1220*2500 format:

• Location:
  st. Krasnorechenskaya 95, Khabarovsk
• Call here:
  (4212) 418 394
• Find out more:
  fanerlaminat.ru

Materials

Most of these sheets are made from veneer. It can be of different varieties. The most expensive and high-quality models are considered to be those made from veneer made from exotic woods (primarily okume or keruing).

Materials created from such a base are distinguished by a special level of durability and reliability. But these models are produced exclusively abroad, so purchasing them is quite problematic. For one square meter of such plywood, about 3 millimeters thick, you will have to pay about 1200-1300 rubles.

The domestic analogue is plywood made from birch veneer. Such materials are affordable, their cost is approximately 2 times less than the cost of the previous option. But their level of strength and durability will be much lower.

Bakelized plywood FBS and FBV: features of each brand and price

Bakelite, which underlies the manufacturing technology of bakelized plywood, is a resinous substance that is solid in structure. Its external characteristics are similar to those of ivory, ebonite or amber, but the technical properties are much higher.

Advantages of Bakelite:

• cannot be dissolved;
• has excellent dielectric properties;
• cannot be melted.

Note!

Thanks to all these advantages, Finnish plywood, in particular FBS and FBV plywood, receives a high level of moisture resistance and other useful performance qualities.

Bakelite

Features of the main types of bakelized plywood

On the building materials market you may come across two brands of baked plywood products. The difference between these two materials lies in the use of impregnations with different properties in production.

In the case of FBV plywood, production is based on the use of water-soluble resin compositions. While baked plywood of the FBS brand is impregnated with compounds that can dissolve in alcohol.

Note!

Each brand of bakelized material has subtypes, the properties of which depend on the level of impregnation quality.

It is worth noting that both brands can have either a sanded or unsanded surface of the sheets. In order to prevent swelling of the slabs, their end zones are treated with a special bakelite varnish or enamel.

Bakelite plywood

Bakelized FBS plywood belongs to the category of the most expensive and high-quality materials obtained by immersing wood veneer in a bakelite resin composition. In this case, complete immersion is carried out.

As a result of this manufacturing technology, the internal and external layers of thin veneer are fully impregnated, so the resulting sheet acquires increased strength properties, as well as a high level of resistance to moisture and fire. The material is wear-resistant and practically not vulnerable to fungi and mold.

Bakelized plywood FBS 1 is a variation of the previous material. However, this type of sheets has lower strength indicators. Such plywood is not completely immersed in bakelite. Instead, all external and internal layers of wood veneer are coated with this resin composition.

Note!

Despite the lack of full impregnation, FBS 1 plywood can easily retain its properties even under the influence of sea water. Such water is one of the most aggressive environments in which plywood can be used.

In addition, there is such a variety of material as FBS A plywood. In this case, birch veneer is also coated with a bakelite resin composition, however, raw materials with rather low environmental friendliness are used. For this reason, the material of this brand can be used for arranging internal structures in the mechanical engineering industry.

FBS 1-A plywood belongs to the category of the cheapest materials. It does not show increased resistance to weather conditions. The manufacturing technology of these plywood products does not involve coating the veneer layers located inside the sheet with a bakelite resin composition.

Finnish plywood texture

As for plywood products of the FBV brand, these sheets are impregnated with a resin composition, which can be dissolved in water. The procedure for making such sheets looks like this: the outer layers are fully impregnated with bakelite, and the inner ones are only coated with this substance. As a rule, this type of material is used to form structures located indoors.

FBV 1 grade plywood consists of veneer that is completely coated with a resin composition that has a water-soluble base.

Features of the use of the material

Due to its advantageous operational and technical properties, bakelite plywood has gained recognition not only among specialists in the construction industry, but also in other areas of industry. Since the cost of such a sustainable material is quite high, its scope may be somewhat limited, however, this list cannot be called short.

Laminated plywood

The use of the material extends to:

• shipbuilding, in particular, the manufacture of ship decks;
• automotive industry (floor fittings in large vehicles such as trolleybuses and buses, as well as individual body parts in certain brands of cars);
• aircraft construction;
• production of reusable flooring;
• production of exhibition stands, as well as sports equipment;
• manufacturing of small arms;
• production of finishing elements used in interior design;
• production of furniture;
• roofing manufacturing;
• creating things for children.

Possessing high resistance to fire, bakelized plywood is simply irreplaceable in various construction works. For this reason, it is often used in the construction of floors under the roofs of buildings. This material is in great demand in areas with harsh climates.

Price

For comparison, the table shows the price list of several companies that sell FBS plywood. You can buy sheet material using contact lists.

FBS 1 plywood is on sale. He offers to buy a sheet of 1250*2850 mm format at the price:

• Location:
  st. Green 1, Khabarovsk
• Call here:
  (4212) 934 115
• Find out more:
  khv27.com

The range includes FBS plywood. Prices for products in various formats:

• Location:
  st. Elektropultovtsev 7 m, St. Petersburg
• Call here:
  (812) 61 110 53
• Find out more:
  spb-asm.ru

Manufacturers

In Russia, several enterprises are engaged in the production of Finnish plywood. The technological process is based on the use of domestic raw materials. It is processed using Finnish equipment.

1. Ivestlesprom holding, which owns the Vyatka plywood plant. This company produces high-class Finnish laminated plywood only from birch veneer of excellent quality using Finnish equipment.
2. LLC "Zavetluzhye" The Nizhny Novgorod woodworking company has been operating since 2005. The range of products includes types of plywood of grades 1–4, as well as finished products made from non-e.
3. Sveza production group. This is the largest domestic manufacturer, whose plants are located in various regions: St. Petersburg, Kostroma, Vologda region, Perm region. Sveza products have international certification.
4. Syktyvkar Plywood Plant LLC is also one of the large domestic manufacturers of large-format plywood and wood-based materials. The products of this company are manufactured in accordance with high international standards.

Finnish plywood requires the use of complex, expensive equipment and belongs to a high class of wood building materials. For this reason, its price per sheet is slightly higher than that of other types.

The table shows distributor prices for laminated Finnish plywood depending on the thickness and format of the sheets.

When choosing Finnish plywood, it is recommended to choose the domestic version, as it is of higher quality, safer and more environmentally friendly, manufactured strictly in accordance with GOST. Similar materials made in China from poplar or bamboo veneer, despite their lower cost, emit more formaldehyde because they are treated with cheap adhesive solutions and are less resistant to external influences.

Bakelized plywood price

You can order plywood from us with delivery at any time and place convenient for you. To place an order, contact our managers by phone

Building a boat

Of course, the first thing we do is consider material options and here we will immediately make our choice in favor of plywood. We will not list the advantages of plywood sheets, we will simply say that we will need FSF sheets of various thicknesses. This is a moisture-resistant material that we will treat with various means during the work process.

Model selection

Here we can’t help much, every lover of walking on the water has his own preferences, however, we will give simple parameters of the watercraft that we will have:

• The length of our structure will be 3500 mm, let’s convert it into meters for a better guide – 3.5 meters.
• 1350 mm – width, or 1.35 meters, which is quite suitable for a boat.
• Side height – 50 centimeters.

This is the option we will focus on for now.

Boat example

Material purchase

Regardless of the type of boat, its structure and the number of seats, we will need basic materials, in which plywood for the boat will come first.

So, in order:

• FSF plywood 4 mm thick. We choose sheet dimensions of 1240x2450 mm for the agreed dimensions of the structure, and we will need three such sheets.
• Epoxy resin minimum 5 kilograms.
• One kilogram of hardener of your choice.
• Two to three liters of microsphere is a filler for epoxy resin.

Cutting

There is nothing complicated in the cutting process; we make all the markings on the plywood sheet and start cutting the material. By the way, for cutting we will need a jigsaw.

If you try to make a cut with any other tool, this will most likely lead to:

1. Uneven cut line;
2. The material will be chipped.

An example of cutting And, despite the fact that plywood boats are, of course, processed and painted, let's still cut it as it should without defects and damage to the material.

We cut out the bottom and side elements. Here we need to understand one important point, we are doing the work independently, we will still need to either make the drawing ourselves, having sifted through a mountain of literature, or order it by turning to specialists.

From experience we can say that the second option is more preferable if we ourselves do not have such experience.

Properties and technical specifications

You can distinguish bakelized plywood from regular plywood by color: it is slightly darker, with a red-brown tint. Standard material parameters:

• Dimensions - 5700x1250 mm, 2850x1250, 2500x1250 mm, 2440x1220 mm.
• Thickness - 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 mm.
• Material density - 1200 kg/m3.
• Tensile strength along the fibers is 73.5 MPa.
• Static bending strength – 78.5 MPa.
• Standard parameters of laminated plywood are 1220x2440 mm, 1250x2500 mm, 1500x3000 mm.
• Sheet thickness: 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 mm.
• Width of veneer strips: not less than 200 mm. For the FBS brand – at least 400 mm.

One of the main advantages of bakelite plywood is its high strength, comparable to the strength of high-quality alloy steel. In addition, this material has other positive properties.

Interesting read: what is boxwood?

Properties of bakelite plywood.
These include:

• High moisture resistance.
• Durability.
• Not subject to delamination during operation.
• Fire resistance. When the temperature is significantly exceeded (up to 350 C⁰), it becomes charred and does not support combustion. At the same time, the smoke generated during the smoldering process does not have a pronounced suffocating or toxic effect.
• Good resistance to bacteriological and chemical influences (not afraid of kerosene, sea water, weak acids, alkalis, gasoline, not damaged by fungus and mold).
• Environmental Safety.

That is, rating this material on a five-point scale, you can assign it “fives” in the areas of quality, reliability and practicality. In addition, it deserves an “excellent” rating for its simplicity and ease of use. The only thing that can slightly reduce points when evaluating bakelite plywood is its high cost.

What is Marine Plywood.

What it is?

Marine plywood is sheets with a layered veneer structure. In this case, the direction of the fibers changes from one layer to another. A special bakelite composition is used to impregnate individual layers of material, which is why such products are often called bakelised plywood.

Such wood sheets have a high level of strength and are quite hard.

Marine plywood has a number of important properties.

• Fire resistance. The material practically does not burn. It can only char, while emitting a little smoke, which does not contain a large amount of toxic components. This can happen at temperatures of at least 350 degrees.
• Water resistance. Bakelized sheets do not collapse or deform when exposed to large amounts of moisture. Moreover, the minimum service life of such materials, provided they are used in contact with an aquatic environment, can reach 15 years.
• Strength. The strength level of this type of wood practically coincides with the strength indicators of steel sheets.

The material has good resistance to impacts and significant loads. In addition, it is almost not exposed to harmful atmospheric influences, so it can be used for finishing furniture structures that will be placed outdoors. Entire garden kitchens and gazebos are often built from such wood.

Ship models can also be used for laying floor, wall and ceiling coverings indoors. But in this case, it is recommended to give preference to thin sheets with a laminated coating. For the manufacture of deck parts for boats, special grade FBS marine plywood is used.

The thickness of such wooden sheets can vary from 4 to 40 millimeters. The length of the products can reach 1500, 4400, 4900 mm (but there are also extended options - 5600, 5700 and 7700 mm). The width of one sheet of plywood can be 1250, 1500, 1550 mm.

Types of material and prices

Bakelite plywood is divided into several categories of material depending on the grade of veneer used, the type of adhesive resins (water- or alcohol-soluble) and the method of their application (partial coating or complete impregnation of wood layers). The brand of greatest strength is FBS, then, as it decreases, comes FBS-1 and FBS-1A. Products of the FBV brand in general have average strength indicators and are characterized by reduced moisture resistance, therefore, when used on external surfaces or in rooms with high humidity, they require additional finishing. To improve the protective characteristics, such plywood is laminated.

The material is produced in accordance with GOST 11539-83 standards in the form of sheets with dimensions 5770 (2850, 2500) × 1250, 2440 × 1220 and 1500 × 3000 mm, thickness - from 4 to 40 mm. The bending strength, for example, of 18 mm FBS is 108 MPa across the fibers and 88.2 MPa along the fibers; the same indicator for FBV - 98 and 78.5 MPa, respectively. The weight of such a sheet reaches 64.2 kg, and the 24 mm one is already 85 kg.

It is “weightiness”, in fact, that is one of the two disadvantages of ship plywood, which, however, can be considered very relative. However, it must be taken into account when choosing a supporting base for installing bakelite sheets.

The main disadvantage is the high price. It depends on the brand of products, the material used to make the planks (birch is more expensive), the thickness and format of the panels, as well as the manufacturer. High-quality bakelite plywood is produced by many foreign (Italy, Finland, Israel) and domestic enterprises, but there are also products from China on the market that are attractive for their comparative cheapness, which do not always meet quality standards and may not have a certificate.

Approximate cost of material based on birch veneer from Russian manufacturers: FBS-1A sheets 2440 × 1220 × 8/18 mm - 2400/5600 rub./piece; FBV-1 of the same format and thickness - 1700 and 2900 rubles / piece. respectively.

When purchasing material, pay attention to whether the ends of the sheets are processed. If it is FBS, a protective layer of bakelite varnish must be applied to them, as well as on the surface, and in the case of FBV, a special enamel

Increasing the yacht's strength

For those wishing to build a cruising vessel, it is better to make the internal structure from 9 mm thick plywood, and increase the thickness of the skin to 18 mm in order to increase resistance to damage. In this case, it is advisable to increase the thickness of the skin outward, and not inward, then the additional weight of the structure will be compensated by the increased volume of the underwater part, and the draft will not increase, despite the increase in displacement.

False keel

The false keel has a “deep delta” shape with a bulb, which allows the ballast to be lowered as low as possible. The leading edge is formed by a strip, with a pair of internal thick-walled pipes running through it to provide a very strong set for later sheathing. I made the false keel box in the garage without using any metal bending equipment. Lead ballast was melted in an iron cauldron over an open fire and poured into a steel casing.

Impressions about the project

The yacht was launched and set sail for the first time in late 1995. Over the course of three months, the five-member crew had sailed almost 10,000 miles and completed two transatlantic crossings. The first - from Cape Town to Rio de Janeiro - with tailwinds took 21 days, the best daily result was 240 miles and a speed of 17 knots. On the way to Rio de Janeiro, only one boat of this size passed us - a 38-foot composite trimaran, and of the monohulls - an IMS 42 class racing yacht. The return passage was carried out by two people, and it was carried out mainly in strong winds and tacking conditions. At this stage of the race, one yacht sank and two lost their masts.

The following year, a yacht with a crew of two married couples and my 19-year-old daughter participated in a coastal cruise regatta, and my “Didi 38” proved that it was strong and fast - we took prizes in every race of the series.

The hull, deck and interior materials cost for 1994/95 was $7,000, including wood, adhesive, epoxy coatings, interior and exterior paint, fixtures, slipway, all temporary structural members, etc., and value added tax 14%. Only occasionally did I manage to get noticeable discounts when purchasing materials. The total cost of building the yacht, including spars and electronics, is approximately $45,000 (the author cites South African prices. - Ed.).

But the labor costs turned out to be unusually small. The yacht took approximately 3,000 hours of work to build from start to launch, mostly unassisted and in my own time, and was completed from start to finish in 24 months.

We all complain about the rising cost of yachts and use it as an excuse for still being on shore. I built my first keelboat in 1970, and spent only 40% of the cost of an equivalent boat launched from the shipyard - and there was no big difference from the factory design. This proves the practical possibility of building and launching a yacht on your own, although it is not worth underestimating the costs of both finances and time. The work will not be successful without complete dedication.

I must warn you that the decision should not be made hastily. It’s good if you have the opportunity to seek advice from a professional when doubts arise during construction. Modern means of communication can help with this.

The principle that guides me in designing my yachts is to increase the bonding surface above standard while reducing structural weight where reasonable. As a result, the structure becomes more "tolerant" of the builder's inexperience than usual.

Dudley Dix, yacht designer, South Africa.

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Physical and mechanical properties of bakelized plywood

* - actual values ​​of the FBV brand based on test results

** - currently these brands are not produced in Russia

Application of marine (ship) plywood

1. In shipbuilding, bakelite plywood is used for bulkheads and cladding of small structures, for example, small boats. In common parlance, this type is called “marine plywood”, “ship plywood”, “deck plywood”, “boat plywood”, etc.
2. In automotive and mechanical engineering. Under the prefix “A” in the marking, it is automobile production that is hidden.
3. Backflywood also finds its application in construction work, incl. for the construction of formwork, construction of street scenes, etc.

Requirements

When producing marine plywood, there are some important quality requirements to consider. These can be found in British Standard 1088/66. And also all of them are enshrined in the domestic document GOST 11539-83 of 1985.

The standard provides for several separate grades of marine plywood.

• FBV. This type consists of sheets, for impregnation and gluing of which special water-soluble compounds are used. Most often it is phenol-formaldehyde resin. But at the same time it is applied only to the outer parts of the material.
• FBV1. This type is similar to the previous one. However, here phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to both the external and internal sides.
• FBS. This grade of marine plywood is glued together using alcohol-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin. Only the external parts are treated with this impregnation.
• FBS1. This type of stamp is treated with alcohol-soluble substances on both sides.

Marine plywood can be divided into 2 large groups - classic and non-classical grades. These types have different requirements. So, the first option is made from a special okume veneer. The products are distinguished by their relatively low weight, high level of flexibility and durability.

The classic variety has a laminated surface treated with waterproof compounds. The material is often used in combination with epoxy resin and fiberglass. This plywood is comparable in strength to carbon products. It is distinguished by special decorative properties, which determines its high cost.

Non-classical plywood is made from various hardwoods, including beech, birch, and poplar. Cedar and pine are sometimes used. This plywood can be of a combined type. In this case, the top layer of the products is made of special peeled veneer, and the inner part is already made of hardwood.

This type should not be used for structural purposes - most often it is used for interior decoration or furniture production.

In addition to the above requirements, there are other important nuances that should be taken into account when manufacturing and installing materials. The outer layers of sheets can only be made from solid strips of veneer. In the internal structure, merging of different elements with each other is permissible. In this case, the width of each strip must be at least 400 mm for the FBS brand or 200 mm for all other varieties.

In this case, the longitudinal rows of internal splicing should not coincide. Only in this case will the product be as durable and hard as possible. The outer surface of the plywood should not have areas that are not covered with transparent varnishes and other special compounds.

There should be no even small bubbles or unpressed areas on the surface of the sheet. Overlaps or irregularities with a height of more than 1 millimeter are also prohibited. All sheets can only be cut at right angles. In this case, the deviation per linear meter should be no more than 2 millimeters.

The ends of all sheets must be carefully processed.

29.08.2017

FBS plywood, Tyumen plywood plant.

Wood-laminated plastics (chipboards) are one of the types of materials obtained by processing wood. In the past, an important structural material, now it has given way to more modern and technological solutions. However, wood-laminated plastics and related bakelized plywood are still used for the manufacture of a variety of parts and structures - from machine components and mechanisms to auxiliary equipment for construction (plywood for formwork). Depending on the source raw materials and the specific implementation of the technology, both expensive and affordable chipboards are produced (where “C” is not “wood chips”, but “layered”), and the outer layers of plywood are similar in quality (more moisture-resistant and durable than ordinary ones) .

Some confusion in terminology in the case of chipboard and chipboard (“chipboard”) is accidental.
However, it is interesting that it is modern wood-based polymer composites based on wood chips, “relatives” of chipboard, that are promising competitors to wood-laminated plastics, the production of which is made from wood veneer. Chip-based plastics are easier to manufacture. During the WPC (wood polymer composite) production process, finished profiles and parts can be formed. And chipboard materials are produced using rather complex technologies and require subsequent cutting, milling, grinding and other processing processes. FBS-1 plywood from Tyumen plywood plant, Helios Trading House.
Wood-laminated plastics are wood-polymer composites in which a thin wooden veneer is glued (and impregnated) with resins and varnishes (plastic polymer materials, usually of a thermosetting type, that is, not softened when reheated). In this case, a fairly homogeneous material is obtained, chemically and thermally stable, low-flammable, with elasticity, strength, and hardness characteristics suitable for the manufacture of critical structures. By varying the structure of veneer packages (longitudinal, transverse, angled arrangement of layers), the degree of veneer impregnation with a polymerizing composition, molding and drying conditions (temperature, pressure, time), it is possible to obtain wood-laminated plastics for various purposes.

FBV plywood of the Volga Timber Processing Company, Trading House "Helios".

Bakelized plywood is a material that is obtained by gluing sheets of veneer (usually thin birch) with phenol-formaldehyde compounds that form bakelite during polycondensation in an alkaline environment (phenol-formaldehyde adhesives of another type, resin, are also used for the production of ordinary plywood - FSF). If alcohol-soluble compounds are used for sizing (and impregnation), the result is the most resistant FBS plywood. Water-based phenol-formaldehyde varnishes are used to produce less resistant FBV plywood.

It is necessary to distinguish between wood-laminated plastics themselves, as a technological solution, and real industrial materials. Certain requirements are imposed on a construction or finishing material, which are achieved using appropriate technologies. Bakelite or bakelised plywood is not necessarily bakelised to its full depth. Only for special-purpose materials, for example, for critical components in mechanical engineering, the manufacture of propeller blades or rudders, chipboards made from sheets of thin birch veneer impregnated with bakelite varnish are used. For buildings, room decoration, and vehicle interiors, it is enough for plywood to have only outer layers that have the hardness and durability of bakelite.

Marine plywood from ETERNAL PLY INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED.

Specifications (standards) for bakelized plywood have changed over time. And the FBS or FBV brand only indicates the type of phenol-formaldehyde resin used for the outer, critical layers. So, according to the technical conditions of GOST 11539-83, during the production of FBS, an alcohol-based phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to all layers, and the outer layers are impregnated with such a resin. For FBS1, according to these technical conditions, resin is only applied to all layers of veneer (that is, impregnation with resins and treatment with alkaline compounds is not performed). In the technical conditions of GOST 11539-2014, during the production of FBS, alcohol-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to all layers, and for FBS1, the inner layers are glued together with a water-soluble resin. The requirements for the material become lower over time. But the reason is not simply the desire to reduce the cost of manufacturing the material, but to determine the reasonable sufficiency of its qualities for specific areas of application.

Deep impregnation with bakelite polymer increases the density of the material by 2-3 times (and such modified wood is already heavier than water), making processing more difficult. Often, when describing chipboard materials and bakelized plywood, experts forget about these features. To enhance their reputation, they are given epithets such as “sea,” “aviation,” or even “missile.” In fact, laminates and baked plywood of various types were used in both aviation and shipbuilding until more efficient and lightweight materials were developed. They are light metal alloys and composite materials, in which the reinforcing components are more technologically advanced glass and carbon fibers, rather than wood veneer or shavings.

Plywood for boatbuilding, Wooden Boat website (The Magazine for Wooden Boat Owners, Builders and Designers).

Marine plywood is related to laminates and bakelized plywoods. It is used for the manufacture of hulls, decking, and decoration of ship premises. However, the epithet “marine” is applied to too wide a range of plywood. If the hull of a boat is made of wood and then finished with epoxy resin or a composite of fiberglass and epoxy resin, then the role of plywood (wood) is to form the frame. High resistance to fresh or salt water is not required for this. Or rather, it is not needed if (or so far) there is no significant damage to the waterproof layer of epoxy resin. Therefore, marine plywood is used from thin veneer of wood that is quite resistant to moisture (okume or gabun, as well as hard tropical trees with similar properties). Depending on the sizing technology, such plywood can have different densities, but usually it is still lighter than water, which is important for shipbuilding.

Marine okoume plywood from Joubert Group.

In terms of resistance to water, bakelized birch (and even with inner layers of softwood veneer) plywood is marine and can be used for shipbuilding. But its actual use for these purposes is limited for many reasons. These include a high price, a rather unattractive appearance, and significant density. This does not in any way detract from the valuable qualities of bakelized plywood. After all, it was not specifically developed as a marine one. And if something similar is required for shipbuilding, then from birch or teak veneer and bakelite varnish it will be quite possible to make a marine material that is good in all respects. Now bakelized plywood for general purposes is produced in Russia by the Privolzhskaya Timber Processing Company (FBV type) and the Tyumen Plywood Plant (FBS and FBV).

Finnish plywood

Laminated plywood is called Finnish. The fact is that in the USSR such material began to be supplied to the domestic market from here. The name is firmly entrenched in the construction lexicon. Finnish moisture-resistant laminated plywood is of high quality. It has a special film that additionally protects the material from destruction.

The presented material is made from peeled veneer. This allows you to create thin workpieces. They are dried thoroughly. Before this, the sheets are cut to the specified formats. After this, the material is impregnated with bakelite resins. When this procedure is completed, the sheets are stacked exactly on top of each other and subjected to hot pressing. After this, the sheets are cut again. They acquire the appropriate dimensions. For example, it could be laminated moisture-resistant plywood 1500x3000 mm or another standard size.

A protective film is applied to the sheets on both sides. The ends also require proper protection. They are coated with special waterproof paint. This completely prevents moisture from entering the material. This is durable, high quality plywood. It has a wide scope of application.

The presented material is used as formwork when creating various objects made of cement. Moreover, it can be used both indoors and outdoors. The material is well protected from various adverse weather conditions.

The presented material is widely used in shipbuilding, automobile and carriage building. The laminating film can be smooth. In this case, the surface of the sheet will have the same texture on both sides. This material is used to create formwork.

However, in some cases, mesh film is also used. It is applied only on one side of the sheet. The second side must be covered with a smooth material. This smooth mesh type of plywood is used in the automotive industry. It is used to make floors in truck beds. The mesh surface has high adhesion rates. This increases its adhesion rate to other materials.

What is bakelite plywood

Bakelite moisture-resistant plywood is a building material unique in its properties. It is made under high temperature and pressure from birch or pine veneer and coated with an alcohol solution of phenol-formaldehyde resin (bakelite varnish). It differs from other types of plywood in its increased resistance to moisture, fire, chemicals, and temperature changes. During operation, it fully retains its properties for 10 years, which determines its widespread use in various industries.

Production and labeling of bakelite plywood

The process of manufacturing sheets of this material, which has many names (delta wood, buck plywood, marine, marine, ship, chipboard-10, bakelized, wood-laminated plastic), includes the stages:

1. impregnation of veneer with cresol- or phenol-formaldehyde resin;
2. pressing and gluing plates at a pressure of 6 atm. (607.95 kPa) and temperature 270°C;
3. coating of finished sheets with bakelite varnish.

On the building materials market, backflywood is represented by the brands FBV, FBV 1, FBS, FBS 1, FBS A, FBS 1A.

The marking reflects the following points:

• * F – plywood;
• * B – bakelite coating;
• * B – water-soluble resin was used in the process of veneer impregnation;
• * C – veneer is impregnated with alcohol-soluble resin;
• * 1 – all layers of veneer are impregnated;
• * no number – only the outer plates are impregnated;
• * A – plywood is intended for use in the automotive industry.

Bakelized plywood brands

Thus, FBS bakelite plywood is a building material made from veneer, the outer layers of which are impregnated with alcohol-soluble resin. It is not suitable for car production.

Properties of plywood with bakelite coating

The price of bakelized plywood is quite high compared to its other varieties (from 1,900 rubles per sheet), but it is fully justified by the characteristics of this material:

• density 1200 kg/cubic. m, which is comparable to the density of crushed stone and expanded clay concrete (for example: the density of birch wood is 650 kg/cub. m, ash wood is 750 kg/cub. m);
• high resistance to weak acids, fuels and lubricants (gasoline, etc.), alkalis, water (including sea water);
• lack of ignition, at ambient temperatures above 350°C, the back plywood begins to char, but does not ignite;
• operating temperature – from –50°С to 50°С;
• does not corrode or develop fungus;
• thanks to the colossal wear resistance, the service life can reach 15 years;
• environmental friendliness, because No toxic substances are used in the production process.

The woodworking industry produces back plywood sheets of various sizes in square and rectangular shapes. The length of one sheet is from 1220 to 5700 mm, width - from 1220 to 1550 mm. Thickness varies from 5 to 40 mm.

Physical and mechanical properties of bakelized plywood

The use of bakelized plywood during the war

People were able to learn and fully appreciate what bakelite plywood is during the Great Patriotic War. In the 1940s, there was an acute issue of shortage of structural alloys for assembling military aircraft, and delta wood - the invention of Yakov Avrasin - became indispensable. From it, under the leadership of Vladimir Gorbunov, high-speed fighters LaGG-1 and LaGG-3 were built, and parts of the wings and fuselage were made for the Il and Yak aircraft.

The idea was immediately picked up by the Japanese. Legends about plywood planes in which Japanese kamikazes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor have a very real basis.

Current use of back plywood

With the end of the war, delta wood ceased to be in demand in aviation and occupied other niches in the construction industry. Some of the names of this material themselves speak about its purpose: ship plywood, marine plywood, marine plywood. Waterproof bakelite plywood is widely used in shipbuilding for covering the hulls of yachts, boats, and boats.

In the truck industry, backflywood is used as a material for the manufacture of open side bodies, containers, and trailers.

It is used in the construction of hydraulic structures - sluices, hydraulic gates and similar structures.

In civil and industrial construction, bakelite plywood is used for the construction of decking, partitions, canopies, arches, niches, bases for floors, roof sheathing, formwork for building up building elements (columns, reinforced slabs, etc.), cladding the walls of catering units and sanitary areas.

Furniture items, as well as advertising boards and stands are made from this durable and reliable material.

However, delta wood has not completely abandoned aviation. To this day, gliding enthusiasts use it to build non-motorized aircraft - gliders.

Manufacturing process

This type of plywood is a board that is very rigid in bending. The main properties of the building material that ensure its high popularity are strength, lightness and water resistance. Birch veneer is used as the raw material. In lower grades, the core of plywood sheets may consist of coniferous wood. Finnish moisture-resistant plywood is made only from birch. After drying, the veneer is cut and impregnated with alcohol- or water-based bakelite resin solutions. This treatment protects the wood from fungal attack, rotting, and exposure to aggressive environmental factors, including moisture, high and low temperatures. Impregnation is carried out by dipping the veneer or coating it on both sides. The adhesive composition must be at least E1 safety class. Then the sheets are stacked and treated with hot steam under a press. In this case, the veneer layers are glued together, forming a strong conglomerate. The presence of exfoliated fragments, swellings and air pockets is not allowed. The finished product is cut in accordance with established standards and a protective film is applied to the surface - laminated. The transverse edges are painted over with an acrylic moisture-resistant composition.

Technical properties

The thickness of the material varies from 6 to 40 mm, standard sheet sizes are 2500x1250 and 2440x1220 mm. Density per 1 m³—650 kg. Along the wood fibers, the elastic modulus of the material is at least 6000 MPa. The outer surface of plywood can be smooth or textured. The latter is more convenient for cutting; it is used in cases where sliding of the material is undesirable, for example, when installing a floor. A characteristic feature is a light brown or red-brown tint of the surface due to the covering film.

Laminated plywood is not inferior in wear resistance to low-alloy steel or plastic. Its advantages:

• ability to withstand temperatures in the range from -40 to +50°C, resistance to melting and burning;
• moisture resistance;
• environmental friendliness;
• dielectric properties;
• high hardness and strength;
• ease of processing.

Reflections on the topic “PLYWOOD in shipbuilding”

This article about plywood may be of interest to a certain circle of visitors to our site, since the material in it is presented in a simple and accessible form and is illuminated from a somewhat unusual angle. The text below is a direct quote from Sergei Barkalov's home page site. Presented without corrections or adjustments to the original spelling.

The simplest and most accessible material in amateur shipbuilding is the material, according to GOST, called general purpose plywood. General purpose plywood, according to the same GOST, is of two types according to the degree of water resistance: FK - waterproof and FSF - increased water resistance. The second one is rarely found in stores (I saw it only once). The average buyer of plywood doesn't care about its increased water resistance, which cannot be said about the price, but it costs a little more. The veneer layers in it are glued together with phenol-formaldehyde (hereinafter referred to as FF) resin. FK type plywood is glued with urea-formaldehyde resin and, strictly speaking, is not waterproof. This can be concluded from the fact that the test for water resistance for it is soaking, while for FSF it is also boiling. Unfortunately, in stores they most often hear about FC and FSF for the first time (they deal with one FC, which they themselves do not always know about) and they use other designations that characterize the appearance. They are quite confusing, since currently there are three GOST standards in use that classify plywood according to the quality of the outer veneer layers. The latest GOST (1996) defines the following veneer grades: E, I, II, III, IV. In GOST 89 it was called A, AB, B, BB, C. Sometimes GOST-71 is also found with the letters B, BB, SR. The higher the grade of veneer, the fewer defects (cracks, knots, holes from knots, patches, etc.). The grade looks like "Front Layer / Back Layer". The reverse is usually a step lower. In life it looks like this: “E / I”, “I / II”, “II/III”, etc. In the previous GOST, the same thing looked like “A/AV”, “AV/B”, “B/BB”. It is clear that “Air Force” in this case will not mean aviation, but rather fuel use. When using softwood veneer, these combinations are accompanied by the letter “X”. If the question is whether FC or FSF is in front of us, but the stamp is not visible, we need to find chips of the veneer at the end where the resin is visible. Plywood of the FSF type is glued with a reddish-brown resin, FK - yellowish. However, if everything is in order with the plywood, there must be a stamp on it (GOST requires) and all the plywood that passed through my hands had one, and its absence most likely means substandard (however, I once saw an FSF produced according to the specifications - it looked very decent in appearance ) . Now to the more confusing topic of bakelized plywood. Confused - because this term itself says little about plywood, and in modern literature there is information that is frankly false. One hundred percent, he only says that its surface (outer layer), unlike general-purpose plywood, is coated with resin. As I was told at Fanplast (a plant at the Central Research Institute of Plywood), where it is still produced, it is the same FSF, only its outer layers are coated with FF resin (“Bakelite” is a trade term for FF resins). But this is, so to speak, the harsh truth of life. In theory (I mean GOST for backflywood as amended in 1998), the situation looks a little rosier. It defines six types of back plywood: FBS, FBS1, FBV, FBV1, FBS-A, FBS1-A. The letter "A" refers to the purpose of plywood for interior car structures. The letter “B” means that the resin in plywood is water-soluble, the letter “C” is alcohol-soluble. (True, the letters “B” and “C” most likely characterize the resin in its liquid state: I soaked and boiled FBV 10 mm in the 24+2 mode and could not break it with a knife through the glue. Only the FBS and FBV brands have impregnation of the outer layers veneer corresponding to the letter with resin, for all others the resin is simply applied. And only FBS and FBS1 can work in atmospheric conditions without protective coatings. In this light, the search for back plywood “in general” can be treated with a grain of skepticism - it is possible to impregnate the outer layers of FSF with epoxy resin at home with a hairdryer. Unfortunately, I was unable to find the previous GOST for backflywood and I have a strong suspicion (caused by studying the FBV I have from 1989) that previously ALL layers were impregnated. I know of at least three places where backflywood is produced : the already mentioned Fanplast plant in St. Petersburg, the plant in Ust-Izhora near St. Petersburg and the Tyumen plywood mill... Of the “interesting” properties of bakplywood, the first place is that no adhesives or paints stick to its untreated surface (it must be sanded) and in water it may sink...Aviation plywood (AP). For a long time I considered its existence a hoax (GOST for it is dated 1975, which inspires pessimism, and they are shamelessly trying to sell Air Force FC under this name), until I called the same plant at TsNIIF. As I found out, it is produced from time to time and for specific orders, and the price is about $3000 per cube (if you are too lazy to count, a sheet of “six” with a side of 1500 amounts to a “piece”). Its production uses selected birch veneer for both external and internal layers and the so-called adhesive is used as glue. “Bakelite film” is paper impregnated with FF resin. In general, it is more labor intensive, takes longer to press and the price is appropriate. There is a material called according to GOST “Plywood board” and its marking begins with the letters “PF”. I saw the name “unidirectional plywood” in the price lists and I believe that it is the same thing. What distinguishes it from “classical” plywood is that (with the exception of PF-A) almost all veneer layers have the same direction. Sliced ​​veneer should be glued to the outside (peeled inside). When applying, do not forget about the highly unequal strength in perpendicular directions. There is also an exotic material that is no longer called plywood, although in essence it is. People call it “delta”, and scientifically it is called wood-laminated plastic (chipboard?). It represents the same plywood, each layer of veneer which is impregnated with FF resin under pressure and temperature, dried and then pressed into a sheet. You can guess the properties of this “plywood” by its application: gears, bearings, bushings. Its cost is prohibitive. I wanted to make a steering wheel out of chipboard, but I didn’t pull it off. There are also much more exotic materials, the use of which can only be understood at prices much lower than their real cost. There are references in the literature when fiberglass or steel mesh was pressed between layers of veneer in plywood. Finally, a few words about exotic material in the literal sense of the word. This is "marine" plywood and mahogany plywood in particular. We must start with the fact that the term “mahogany” carries no more meaning than “red fish” and apparently exists only in the Russian language. Such a tree does not exist in nature. In the literature (three editions of the Soviet Encyclopedia of different years) it is said on this subject that the definition of “K.D.” includes red and brown wood of mahogany, sappan, sandalwood, amaranth trees, kaya tree, caesalpinia, wellingtonia as well as yew, sequoia, a number of other tropical trees and (horror) one type of alder. Therefore, when such an expression is heard in a conversation, the speaker means solidity, not the type of wood. I was extremely pleasantly surprised when I once called a company selling tropical wood and asked, “How much is mahogany?” received a counter question: “What do you mean?” In English-language literature, the term CD corresponds to Mahogany (mahogany). According to various sources, this term refers to up to ten thousand different types of wood with very different properties. In trade, they often operate not with specific names of species of this type of wood, but with trademarks. Let’s say, under the “Philippine Mahogany” brand there are hidden not just several species of trees (122, if I’m not mistaken), but several of their genera, similar in appearance. Which are actually varieties of tropical cedar. And the term itself is an invention of the Southeast Asian Plywood Manufacturers Association. The properties of this material (“K.D”) can be any. Do not believe the fairy tales about the “eternity” of teak and “real” mahogany. For example, "red" Okume (=Gabun) plywood with a Lloyd's certificate has a "poor" rot resistance rating. Many other “valuable” breeds have the same characteristics. I have repeatedly received news about how readily kaya (=African mahogany) rots. Taking into account the use of plywood for shipbuilding, the question of what resin the plywood is glued with is also important. When waterproofed with resin, plywood is classified as “Exterior” (external use) or “Marine” (marine), otherwise it is classified as “Interior” (internal). The differences in Exterior/Marine standards mainly come down to sanding and higher requirements for internal veneer layers for Marine. I won’t be much mistaken if I say that this is similar to the analogy FSF = “Exterior” / aviation = “Marine” / FC = “Interior”. If the plywood is “red” and also “Interior” (i.e. for finishing interior spaces and furniture), there is almost certainly “firewood” (cheap low-grade wood of any species) between the outer decorative layers. As for the “Marine” category, it does not specify the type of wood used (in the States it is mainly made from coniferous wood) and lovers of “red” can only recommend plywood that has passed Lloyd's certification according to the BS 1088 standard. In addition to all the requirements of the Marine category, it requires the use of tropical hardwood. Since the text of the standard specifically mentions okume/gabun and stipulates the absence of antiseptic treatment and impregnation, one can guess that the standard itself does not guarantee the durability of plywood . And since antiseptics were mentioned, the American Plywood Manufacturers Association recommends dousing all its shipbuilding plywood with an aqueous solution of arsenic compounds (chromated copper arsenate).

This material represents information extracted from books, standards (domestic and Western) and personal communication with specialists and, undoubtedly, may contain inaccuracies. I would be grateful for any additions. — S.B.

Assembly

Next, we need to process all the symmetrical elements of our structure with a plane. To do this, you can use an electric planer and do everything calmly. After processing, we begin drilling holes that will help us sew the body.

We process the ends

We drill holes so that the plywood boat is also visually attractive, but most importantly, we maintain an equal step of 100 mm between them, and we drill at a distance of 5 mm from the edge of the workpiece.

The bottom can be stitched using nylon thread, and there are reasons for this:

• Nylon thread always has high strength.
• Nylon feels great in water and is not subject to rotting or corrosion.
• After the thread is impregnated with epoxy resin, it will work on the principle of a reinforcing element.

Now that the bottom elements are sewn, it’s time to glue them, and for this you need an improvised slipway. When gluing the parts of the plywood boat together, do not forget that we need to remove the fillet, and this can be done very simply using a plastic spoon. The resin gradually sets and takes the desired shape while we build the boat from plywood.

Stitching example

Manufacturing of parts

We cut strips of fiberglass and prepare them for gluing the seams. Before we start gluing, we need a transom. This will be the lower part of the stern on which we can hang the motor. We will have both a motor and a rowing boat made of plywood - we will go as we want to go on it, but we will still cut out the transom.

To make the transom, we will need a sheet of dense and thick plywood, choose 10 mm, mark everything and also cut everything out with a jigsaw.

Advantages of bakelite plywood

Bakelized plywood FBS and FBV has the following advantages over competitive materials of this type:

• Wear resistance. Plywood has a long service life, which is achieved due to the specific properties of the impregnation, which does not evaporate for an extremely long time.
• Heat resistance/fire resistance. No wonder the tank. plywood is used even in tropical conditions and in high-temperature industries - this material perfectly withstands temperatures of +50 degrees Celsius, does not catch fire or smolder.
• Frost resistance. As you know, any material cannot be used for a long time in conditions of extreme cold - such as in Siberia or other frosty areas of the Earth. However, bakelite plywood is not afraid of temperatures of -50 degrees Celsius, while functioning perfectly.
• Moisture resistance. Bakelized plywood 18 mm and no longer loses its strength and does not collapse under the influence of moisture. Add to this resistance to rot and insects/fungi and you get an ideal (though quite expensive) option for roof and attic floors.
• Chemical resistance influences. Tank. plywood is not afraid of aggressive environments - gasoline, kerosene, other fuels and lubricants, acids, alkalis, sea water do not harm the material, so it can be used in any production.
• Resistance to the influence of fauna (no bark beetles, mold or mice can damage tank plywood). Of course, a plywood tank also has its drawbacks. There are only a few of them:
• Heaviness. Due to its impregnation, the specific gravity of the tank. plywood is slightly heavier than standard material, even if birch wood is used.
• Environmental unsafety. Due to the fact that FBS plywood is extensively treated with carcinogenic materials, it is not recommended for use indoors. However, this does not apply to FBV plywood - an environmentally friendly material, which, however, has lower performance in other parameters.
• Expensive. Of course, thanks to such impressive parameters, the tank. plywood and costs accordingly. However, we can say with certainty that this material will earn every penny invested with its characteristics and features.

As you can see, bakelite plywood, the technical characteristics of which are an order of magnitude superior to other materials, is an excellent product with an extremely wide range of applications.

Types of Bakelite Plywood

Like any other material, tank. plywood is divided into grades. FBS and FBV plywood are the two main types of material, which in turn are divided into subtypes. Let's take a closer look at them.

1. Bakelized plywood grade FBS. A type of material with the most developed protection against all known physical and chemical aggressive manifestations. In addition to bakelite itself, many of its subspecies are also processed with alcohol-soluble resins. It is divided into the following types:

• FBS. The most expensive type of brand, which has all possible protection options. It has high inflammability, moisture resistance and strength. Impregnation is carried out not only from the inside of the plywood, but also from the outside. The impregnation procedure itself implies the fact that each sheet of veneer is completely immersed in a vessel with glue and remains there for a long time.
• FBS 1. A less protected option that has a reduced level of impregnation. The outer and inner layers of veneer are simply coated with a solution, and not dipped, as with FBS.
• FBS A. The most dangerous version of the material for humans. It is coated on the outside and inside with a very concentrated solution, which makes it possible to use plywood exclusively in the field of mechanical engineering to cover internal structures;
• FBS 1-A. The cheapest material option, which is in constant demand. It is coated with alcohol-soluble resin, therefore it has positive environmental safety indicators, but is most susceptible to the influence of weather conditions.

1. Bakelized plywood grade FBV. This material is created on the basis of water-soluble resins, therefore it has good environmental safety indicators. This means that FBV plywood is quite suitable for treating indoor surfaces. Divided into the following:

• FBV. Just as with the FBS option, FBV plywood is completely impregnated with water-soluble resin, dipping the veneer into vats of the substance. This material is used exclusively indoors, since its level of protection will not allow it to withstand the influence of external conditions.
• FBV 1. This material is treated with phenol-formaldehyde water-soluble resin, so it is not advisable to lay it inside residential buildings. It is best suited for processing passage rooms - corridors, extensions and dressing rooms, since the veneer is simply coated with resin inside and out.

READ Differences between MDF and laminated chipboard: what to choose so as not to be disappointed

Table of the main properties of bakelite plywood.

Production of bakelite plywood.

Like other plywood, bakelite material can be sanded or unsanded. In this case, the following letters are added to the brand designations:

• NS – unpolished material;
• Ш1 – front side is polished;
• Ш2 – polished on both sides.

Material on the topic: Why wood boards are finished with veneer.

Also, when purchasing a plywood tank, pay attention to the material’s compliance with all GOST standards. It so happens that in Russia there are two dozen factories that produce bakelite plywood.

However, finding this material is very difficult because its prevalence is low. But there are more than enough fakes of varying quality. Therefore, you should not buy this plywood from an unverified place, or you should make every effort to check its “pure” origin.

Folded sheets of plywood.

Design

As a rule, models of such plywood have good decorative characteristics. They can be made in different colors ranging from light beige to chocolate and red. Some models are produced in black.

Marine plywood is coated with a special varnish. Such samples have a slightly rough surface. Fully laminated products have a completely smooth surface. Today, corrugated sheets are also produced. They are used for laying flooring, as they are considered the safest for humans - it is almost impossible to slip on them.

To learn how to choose plywood, watch the following video.

Types of plywood

There are seven main types of plywood:

• FK plywood is a moisture-resistant type; urea resin is used for gluing veneer sheets. This plywood is intended for indoor use.
• FKM plywood – has increased water resistance and is made on the basis of melamine resins. This type of plywood is unique, since environmentally friendly melamine resins are used for its production. Due to its environmental characteristics, plywood is used in furniture production. In addition, FKM plywood is used for interior finishing work.
• FSF plywood - veneer sheets are glued together using phenolic resin. This type of plywood also has increased water resistance. Typically used for exterior finishing work.
• Laminated plywood is based on FSF plywood, which is covered on both sides with a special film. Laminated plywood is used for the manufacture of formwork. This type can be used repeatedly.
• Bakelized plywood – bakelite resin is used to glue veneer sheets together. This type of plywood is used in aggressive climates, sea water, aggressive environments, and sometimes for monolithic work.
• Marine plywood is similar to bakelized plywood, but less durable. Made from foreign wood species.
• Flexible plywood is a foreign option. A distinctive feature is the ability to bend well in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

READ What is moisture-resistant plywood and where is it used?

Depending on the type of mechanical surface treatment, plywood can be of three types: unsanded, sanded on both sides or one side.

Use for formwork.

Plywood is a product made from various types of wood. It could be: birch, aspen, pine needles, poplar. Combined plywood is called plywood, which includes several types of wood material.

Question to the expert

What material is bakelite plywood made from?

Birch plywood is a very durable type. This is determined by the high physical and chemical properties of birch plus a multilayer structure. Coniferous plywood is made from pine, which provides strength at a relatively low weight. This type is successfully used in the construction of houses. The quality of plywood depends on a number of indicators.

The main one is the emission class of free formaldehyde (E1-E2). The quality of the product is also ensured by such indicators as: tensile strength when chipping, tensile strength of samples, static bending, structure, color of knots, presence of defects, moisture content. The grade of plywood is determined by the number of knots per 1 square meter. Plywood can be of four grades.

Construction and bakelite plywood

The most popular type is construction plywood sheets, which are made from pine and larch. The thickness of such a plate is 2-4 mm. There are combined options, for the production of which two different types of wood are used. Products based on the use of coniferous veneer are divided into 6 types. They are used for both external and internal construction work.

Interesting read: balsam fir wood.

Combined plywood is available in a wide range. The length of such sheets can be almost 2.5 m, the width can be 1.20 m. The thickness of plywood sheets ranges from 0.8 to 3 cm. There is also plywood, for the production of which alder is used. This representative of coniferous forests is used much less frequently, but is of higher quality.

Moisture-resistant, durable bakelite plywood.

Bakelite plywood consists of birch veneer and phenol-formaldehyde resin is used as impregnation. The outer layer of such a product can be impregnated with an alcohol-soluble composition. This type of plywood is characterized by high strength and can withstand heavy loads, so its use is not limited only to interior work, it is used in shipbuilding, construction, aircraft manufacturing, etc. the thickness of such a product is 0.5-1.8 cm, length 7.70-1 .5 m, width – 1.55-1.2 m.

Plywood for cladding has peeled veneer in its structure. In this case, one side or both have a polished surface, which makes it possible to use it for finishing work. The glue can be based on phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde. Cladding plywood is available in two grades.

For interior and exterior wall decoration, bakelite plywood is attached to pre-plastered concrete bases using various mastics, for example, definol. To ensure longer service life of plywood sheets, they are coated with special varnishes or waterproof impregnations. Before starting this procedure, all existing joints are covered with thin beams, and uneven areas and cracks are primed. This type of treatment helps protect the wood product, as well as the walls underneath it.

FAQ

What temperatures can bakelite plywood withstand?

Can be used at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees.

What is the service life of bakelite plywood?

Service life is up to 15 years.

Which bakelite plywood is considered defective?

Bakelite plywood with uncoated and unimpregnated areas, bubbles, under-pressing, and delamination is considered defective.

Conclusion

Judging by the material presented above, the construction of the boat can be quite successful, which is not strange if there are accurate drawings and the basic design requirements are met. Therefore, let us clarify once again that it is necessary to build according to a ready-made project.

And of course, one cannot help but note the incredibly low cost of the design, because the price includes the design and materials, and everything else is our work! And we can carry it out without haste, paying maximum attention to details and elements.

The result is a great boat that can last for many years! And in the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic (also find out what aircraft plywood is and what it is used for).