Areas of use and design features
The market for tools and accessories is full of a variety of wood drill bits to choose from. Woodworking tools are used in accordance with the specifications, design and type of work being performed. The functionality of one drill can be limited; under heavy loads it can break and damage the part. To eliminate curious cases, a wood drill is used in accordance with technical parameters.
A home craftsman must distinguish between varieties and types in order to perform the safest and highest quality work possible.
When purchasing, you should pay attention to the quality of the gimlet; the main structure and cutting part must be free of chips and cracks, well processed and evenly sharpened.
Based on the color scheme, it is possible to determine the treatment and purpose:
- A steel-colored product indicates a lack of processing.
- A yellow-bronze tint is obtained by metal during processing to relieve metal stress.
- The bright golden color indicates titanium nitride treatment, which is used for durability and reliability of the countersink.
- The strength of the tool is increased by superheated steam; the black color indicates this when purchasing.
An example of using a wood drill
It is necessary to pay attention to the size of the drill. A long wood drill is not always useful for the farm, since the longer the drill, the larger its diameter. Long gimlets are used for processing soft wood at medium tool speeds. The larger the size indicators, the lower the revolutions should be, because there is a possibility of the drill breaking off and damaging the workpiece.
It is necessary to correctly select the ratio of weight to the required hole. The greater the length and diameter of the wood drill, the lower the drill speed should be.
Compliance with this rule will help preserve the instrument for as long as possible. If a twist drill cannot produce the required hole size in wood, a ring type drill is used. The appearance of ring drills for wood resembles crowns and has a ring with jagged edges. The length of this type of product does not differ in special parameters, and the width of the outlet hole can be made up to 60 mm. The tool is also allowed to work with soft materials - plastic and plasterboard.
What to look for when choosing
Before purchasing a part, you need to familiarize yourself with its characteristics, make sure that there are no defects: chips, dents, nicks, scratches and others. Any of these shortcomings negatively affects the quality of work performed. A defective tool will not last long.
The assembly technology is determined by the color of the product:
- Black. The steam treatment method was used, it increases strength.
- Yellow-gold. The technology was aimed at relieving metallic stress.
- Bright gold. Titanium nitride is used to extend service life.
- Steel gray. Finishing was not carried out, the tool was not reinforced with additional spraying.
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Selecting the required type of drills for a home workshop
The sets of tools for woodworking included in power tools are not very diverse. Therefore, for comfortable work, you select your own set of tools, depending on the type and material of the work. Wood drills are divided into types, depending on the type and hardness of the material. It is necessary to choose a high-quality wood drill; the main characteristics should differ in conditional parameters.
Spiral
The most common type are twist drills for wood.
Spiral
Different diameters from 3 to 50 mm allow you to perform a different range of work; the pointed end is necessary for balancing the electric drill. A cone-shaped shank is used in cases where it is necessary to adjust the drilling point. It is worth taking into account the hardness of the rocks and the diameter of the gimlet when making parts. For example, with a drill with a diameter of 12 mm, it is possible to drill soft material at a speed of about 2000 per minute, when with hard rocks the speed is halved. Using the woodworking kit in accordance with the technical regulations and for its intended purpose can extend the service life and maintain the sharpness of the cutting element.
Long drills
Drills of unique and different lengths are used in non-standard situations; it must be taken into account that the longer the length, the larger the diameter.
Long wood drill
The increased length can cause the tool to be heavy; a conventional electric drill is not able to rotate a heavy shaft. To drill lengths with a drill, a mixer is used - a stirrer operating at low speeds with low force.
Screw
A subcategory of spiral products are screw drills. The drilling process occurs by drilling against the growth of wood fibers. The screw drill also comes in different diameters, lengths and weights. For example, a wood drill with a diameter of 4 centimeters will have a length of 600 cm and a weight of just under 1.3 kilograms. A design feature is the presence of a threaded screw, which allows the removal of wood chips. The threaded tip is used for precise installation of the tool when working with materials.
Wood screw drill
It is important to understand that a smaller drill diameter cannot be associated with an increased length of the product. There are narrow and long versions of the tool on the market, but a reliable process cannot be achieved with them due to the fragility of the material and the wrong choice of power tool speed.
Feather
The most balanced in weight and design is the feather type. The accuracy and quality of processing will not have high parameters, so this version of the gimlet is not applicable for decorative work.
Feather
Work is carried out at increased speed due to the lightweight design and simple adjustment. The hole width range can vary from 10 to 60 mm, depending on the type of structure. The length of the treated surface can be adjusted with a special adapter - an extension, which allows you to increase the depth to 30 centimeters. The process must be carried out without stress on the tool, since the drill can break when heated, due to its fragile design.
Forstner drill
Blind holes for fastening hinges, handles and other accessories are made using a Forstner drill. The cutting edges are located on the side plane, making it possible to process holes with a flat bottom. The main difference of the kit is that it does not heat up during operation and is capable of performing precise work based on the correct direction of drilling. The dimensions and diameter of the holes depend on the choice of instrument; an analogue of this type of instrument is a ballerina.
Forstner drill
The ballerina allows you to adjust the diameter of the future hole in the tree, thanks to a special mechanism. Buying one universal tool when working with wood can replace a whole set, and is convenient for storage and transportation.
Ring
The annular type of drills allows you to make large-diameter holes, also called crowns. The appearance implies a ring with jagged edges along the entire edge. It is common to use sets in which there is a different choice of equipment according to diameter.
Wood drill bit
The guide bur is located in the center of the disk, then there is a mechanism for attaching removable tips. The universal set allows you to process thin-walled products and materials.
Countersink
Drilled holes for connecting elements, bolts or screws, often need to be masked. The countersink is used in conjunction with a depth limiter for proper processing of wood.
Countersink
A replaceable centering tip for wood with a diameter of 4 mm is fixed using a clamping mechanism with a screw.
Flexible
It should be noted right away that the drill material cannot be flexible and has not yet been developed. The name of a flexible tool for work is a mechanism inserted into a cartridge, a kind of extension.
Flexible wood drill bit in use
The use of an adapter allows you to transfer the torque of a drill or screwdriver to a drill located in a hard-to-reach place. Varieties of small length and diameter are used; the design will not withstand a massive woodworking tool.
Tips for choosing
An instrument of any form has its own criteria and must meet them. You can determine the quality of the instrument you are purchasing by its appearance, color, and also by the material from which it is made.
- Material . It is impossible to visually determine the quality of the material. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to make sure that the product has a quality certificate. Chinese counterfeits are often sold without documents.
- Appearance . A high-quality product has a flat, smooth surface. Various cracks, scratches and damage are defective. The cutting area must be carefully sharpened. Long drills must be straight. It is very easy to check their quality; just roll them on a flat surface. All irregularities will be immediately visible.
Color . To ensure that the tool has additional strength, it is manufactured using a special technology. You can find out which processing method was used by the color of the product. The steel color indicates that no additional processing was carried out. The yellow-gold spraying relieves metallic stress. A product treated with titanium nitride (a tool with a bright gold color) will have a long service life. The black drill has increased strength. Steam was used to process it.- Package . Products from well-known manufacturers have good, high-quality packaging. All fakes are poorly packaged, and the text is sometimes written with errors.
- Price . The higher the price, the better the quality of the product. All budget tools have a short service life.
Caring about their reputation, well-known stores will not sell counterfeits. And no matter what kind of tool you buy, in order for it to be of high quality and last a long time, you should contact reliable and trusted suppliers.
Advantages and disadvantages
Each cutting set is designed to perform specific jobs under different operating conditions of the equipment.
Before processing wood, it is important to evaluate the type of hole required and the material. Properly performed preparatory work and the use of tools allow you to obtain high-quality results and durable operation of the devices.
The functionality is described in the instructions or on the product packaging; if there is no information, you must contact a specialist for clarification on the technical data.
How to drill a hole with a feather drill?
For successful drilling with feather drills, secure the wood firmly in a vice and press the tip of the drill bit against the surface of the material. Then drill (at low speed) the hole until the tip of the drill appears at the bottom of the wood.
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Features of wood drilling work
There are a huge number of products offered on the market. The varieties do not stop at the list presented; for example, to obtain conical tenons, plug-type drills are used. Holes in wooden structures can be made with any available material, even a milling cutter or drill.
Drilling technology depends on the thickness and density of the material. Usually the work is carried out initially with a drill of a smaller diameter to prevent chipping on the back side of the product. The process is preferably carried out on both sides according to the prepared markings. When this opportunity is not provided, a wooden beam is placed at the point where the drill exits the workpiece. To obtain the necessary recesses, the marks necessary to visualize the process are applied to the cutting element.
Sharpening a wood drill is a useful skill
Intensive use of wood tools leads to loss of its cutting properties. Such a tool does not have to be sent for recycling; its ability to work can be restored by proper sharpening. In the absence of experience and small volumes of tools, it is possible to contact special workshops that provide sharpening services. To study the process on your own, you need to start with an unused drill, which, if damaged, can easily go to waste.
Methods for sharpening drills
A device for sharpening drills at home
Head position when sharpening
Obtaining a result is possible only if several conditions are met. The process is carried out manually, using a suitable file or using a grinding machine. In the latter case, it is necessary to maintain the temperature regime of the product, constantly pouring a stream of water or oil. Overheating will lead to loss of metal strength, unimportant work, in the absence of the ability to provide constant cooling, you just need to dip the product in a glass of water or oil every couple of seconds. Only compliance with the factory geometry parameters will make it possible to operate the cutting set as if it were in new condition.
Getting a Big Hole
Home craftsmen are often interested in how to make a hole in a tree of large diameter. There are several ways you can do this:
- A circle of the required diameter is drawn. A small drill is used to drill inside the circle of holes. Then, using a chisel, the jumpers are cut out.
- Take a water pipe. One side is sharpened for teeth in the direction of the cut. In the second, a hole is made for the knob. The pipe is placed against the surface and slow rotation begins.
- At the first stage, a through hole of smaller diameter is drilled. At the second stage, a crown is taken and inserted to the maximum depth. At the final stage, the under-drilled wood is knocked out with a chisel. Chips will not occur because the crown has already set the direction.
Wood drills have a broad classification. This is an important item at home. However, each type of work requires the use of a specific tool. With the help of one, holes are made, the other - countersinks, the third - grooves. Knowing all these subtleties, it is necessary to have sets of such drills that will never lie around the household.
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