Wood lathes are one of the oldest power tools. Not a single carpenter can do without it. Probably, it is for this reason that in the modern electrical equipment market you can find a wood lathe for the home in a wide variety of designs: specifications and prices vary, and it’s easy to get confused. And since woodworking has made significant progress in recent years, many home craftsmen prefer to have such equipment at their disposal. Fortunately, you can purchase it at a very reasonable price. Moreover, manufacturers of woodworking equipment are ready to offer wood lathes in a very wide range. Our review is intended to tell the user about the most popular models offered by the market. Let's take a look at the best woodworking machines for your home workshop!
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Content:
- Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-450/1000
- Vertical turning lathe ZUBR ZSTD-350-330
- Screw-cutting lathe STAVR STD-400
- Screw-cutting lathe Enkor Corvette-76
- Screw-cutting lathe Performax PWL-1440L (909001M)
- Wood lathe Corvette-73
- Wood lathe JET JWL-1015
- Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-400
- Screw-cutting lathe BELMASH WL-300/450VS (S079A)
- Wood lathe Enkor 90740
Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-450/1000
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The top wood lathe for the home is the woodworking lathe Caliber STD 450/1000. It is designed for turning or sanding wood products up to 1000 mm long. A wood lathe finds its application in small-scale and individual production. Operates from an electrical network with a voltage of 220 Volts. The machine is installed on a workbench or table. Four spindle speeds allow you to choose the optimal approach to processing. The painted metal body prevents corrosion.
Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-450/1000
Advantages:
- Long workpiece length
- Light weight
- 4 spindle speeds
- Special holes for mounting to a workbench
- Asynchronous motor
- Easy use of the machine
Specifications
Since the device is designed for light turning work, its characteristics are suitable for use in domestic conditions:
- total weight of the unit - 100 kg;
- machine dimensions: 1250 by 575 by 550 mm;
- required power supply - 380V;
- power consumption of the electrical network - 0.4 kW;
- two shaft rotation speeds;
- spindle speed range - 1000–2150 rpm;
- length of wooden blank - 500 mm (max);
- thickness of the wooden blank - 190 mm (max).
The specified characteristics are sufficient for the initial training of carpenters in vocational schools, as well as for middle school students.
Important!
There is also a junior version of the STD-120 machine. Unlike the STD-120m model, it does not have a protective casing or illumination of the working area. The electrical control circuit has also been improved, and the overall level of noise and vibration has been reduced.
Purpose and recommendations for use
The lathe can be used for light wood turning work:
- internal turning and drilling of parts;
- trimming or trimming;
- turning cylindrical figures;
- processing flat surfaces on the faceplate.
The STD-120m is quite unpretentious in operation. However, to reduce the risk of injury, as well as the correct operation of the unit, it is worth following the operating requirements:
- The lathe is installed on a flat and level surface at a height of 500-600 mm from the floor. This could be a workbench or desktop.
- The safety screen on the machine must be lowered during operation. If the machine does not have a chip collection unit, it is necessary to lower the canvas skirt.
- Machine speeds are switched only after the spindle has completely stopped.
- Under no circumstances should you try to move the machine or adjust the workpiece while the motor is running.
- It is strictly prohibited to remove chips, adjust or measure the workpiece, as well as lubricate the device components while the machine is operating! The above actions can only be done after the spindle has completely stopped.
Important!
Install the machine on a flat floor surface, without distortions. To reduce risks and unforeseen situations, place a rubber backing or a sheet of plywood between the legs of the table or workbench and the floor.
It is also worth following the rules of machine maintenance to increase its service life:
- It is necessary to regularly clear chips from the work area. Also, after finishing work, you need to clean the protective screen from fine dust and sawdust.
- After finishing the work, put all the tools in the storage box. Apply neutral lubricant to unpainted areas. For example, on a guide frame.
- Check the condition of the lubrication on all components at least once a year or after 500 hours of operation.
- Upon completion of work, unplug the power cord from the outlet and loosen the tension on the V-belt.
Advantages and disadvantages
The widespread use of this machine in educational institutions is due to several positive factors:
- Low cost and long service life.
- Increased level of workplace protection.
- Comfortable work, workpiece illumination.
- A basic set of functions and tools for teaching students.
These characteristics make this model one of the most popular for training. But it also has its downsides:
- Availability of a three-phase power source for operating a 380V motor.
- You need to make a special power supply.
- Small size of the workpiece in length. It’s impossible to carve a good handle for a shovel.
- There are only two operating speeds.
The machine is capable of processing small parts made of softwood with a moisture content of no more than 20–25%.
Equipment
For a novice carpenter, the device is equipped with a full set of tools (Maisels, Reiers). The device itself consists of an electric motor, a control unit, a frame, as well as other holding and protective mechanisms. Let's look at the most important of these nodes in more detail.
Front headstock of the unit
The front headstock of the machine is used to secure and hold the part while the engine is running. It is a shaped body cast from cast iron, in which two holes for radial spherical bearings are bored coaxially.
Rear element
The back element or tailstock serves as a support for securing long workpieces, drill chucks, drills themselves, as well as other woodworking tools.
The tailstock consists of a body with a built-in quill that slides along the bed to adjust the length. The required length is fixed using a special bolt that holds the rear element in the desired position.
Main and removable devices
On the STD-120m you can install removable devices to perform various tasks:
- chuck for securing short workpieces at the end;
- center-fork, for installing and processing long parts in the center;
- faceplate.
To secure the workpiece to the outer surface, use the following devices:
- Cup cartridge. It consists of a cylindrical cavity on one side, and a shank for mounting a spindle on the other side.
- Vise chuck. Needed for processing workpieces in the shape of a quadrangle. To work, the workpiece is clamped in a chuck vice and pressed with a screw.
Both types of chucks can have screw threads instead of conical shanks for installation on the outside of the spindle.
Electrical equipment and technical parameters
The STD-120m lathe is equipped with a three-phase asynchronous motor operating on 380V alternating current. The maximum electricity consumption by the motor is 0.4 kW.
The device is controlled by a button block, on which there is a speed switch button, as well as a button to turn off the device.
Inside the control box there is a 380/24 V lighting transformer.
Important!
Do not attempt to repair or disassemble the asynchronous motor of the device yourself. To repair this unit, call a trusted electrical technician.
Kinematic diagram
Electrical diagram
General form
Selection rules before purchasing and care recommendations
Often the STD-120m machine is purchased second-hand or in a restored condition. When choosing such a device, you should pay attention to the following points:
- Condition of lubrication of components and assemblies.
- Engine operation. It should not smoke, spark or emit any strong burning odors.
- Condition of threaded connections.
These are the main problem areas that can make themselves felt at the time of purchasing the machine.
To increase the service life of the device, follow the care recommendations:
- lubricate all moving parts in a timely manner;
- clean and tidy up the work area after completing work;
- work with workpieces of acceptable size;
- Do general preventive maintenance of all nodes every two years.
The tips listed above will keep your machine in good condition for many years.
Vertical turning lathe ZUBR ZSTD-350-330
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The rating of wood lathes for the home continues with the BISON ZSTD 330 model. This is a very compact tool designed for turning cylindrical wood blanks. Electronic adjustment of the spindle speed allows you to effectively perform this or that operation without overloading the engine. The small dimensions of the machine allow it to be transported in a passenger car. It is widely used in everyday life and carpentry workshops. The manufacturer ZUBR produces the best wood lathes!
Vertical turning lathe ZUBR ZSTD-350-330
Advantages:
- Small dimensions
- Metal structure
- Simple controls
- Economical in terms of power consumption
- Electromagnetic switch
- Faceplate for processing large workpieces
Machine design
The main element of the machines is the bed, so the main importance is given to the strength and weight of the support. The greater the weight of the machine, the less likely it is to tip over. This is also important for reducing vibration levels during operation. To increase strength, grooves are made in the frame for attachment to the stand. It is on the support that all components of the unit are located.
Headstock and tailstock
The headstock, the most complex component of the unit, is firmly fixed to the base. It contains a spindle mounted on a gearbox and an electronically controlled device. This block is used to turn it on and off. On modern technological units, the spindle speed is automatically adjusted. In some devices, the electric motor is located under the headstock casing, in others it is exposed outside.
The function of the tailstock is to press the material against a leading center located on the spindle. It moves in the section of the frame along the length of the rotation axis. A component of the tailstock is the quill. You install a rotating or stationary center on it with your own hands. The quill has the form of a sleeve, the tip of which rests on the workpiece. The location of the quill is adjusted by a flywheel, which makes it movable.
Attachments for the machine
The attachment provides clamping of the workpiece and connection with the spindle that rotates the part. One of the simplest attachments is the leading center. It looks like a disk with teeth that plunges into the workpiece and presses it towards another center located at the tailstock.
Handyman's work
Between the headstocks, in a comfortable position and at the required distance from the axis of rotation of the part, there is a hand rest, which is adjustable in height.
It provides support for the cutter, and the perpendicular position of the upper edge guarantees convenience, safety and quality of processing. The direction of product turnover is determined by the shape of the tool rest. The workpiece moves from top to bottom, pressing the cutter against the support. The error of this unit unit is that you have to hold the tool with your hands, so it is not easy to accurately maintain a curved profile or measure the thickness of the layer being removed.
Other nodes
Lathes have an element called a support, which is responsible for the precise movement of the cutter along 3 coordinates and rigid fastening. The support is installed on the rod and moves parallel to the axis of rotation of the product. Flywheels coordinate the location of the cutter. With its help, precise cylindrical or conical processing is carried out.
The purpose of copying devices is to solve problems of curved processing. They are different in structure from each other, but have the same elements:
Using a probe, the profile of the template is tracked, and a copying mechanism moves along the rod.
Screw-cutting lathe STAVR STD-400
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Our review also did not ignore the wood lathe for home model Stavr STD-400, which has special holes for installation on a workbench. The faceplate and screw quill make it possible to secure workpieces with a diameter of up to 300 mm and a length of up to 1 meter. The movable handle allows you to rigidly fix the supports for the cutter. Thanks to the magnetic switch, the model is protected from spontaneous start-up after an emergency power outage. The small wood lathe has four spindle speeds, which are changed by moving a belt on two pulleys. High build quality ensures long service life.
Screw-cutting lathe STAVR STD-400
Advantages:
- For installation on a workbench
- Frequency – 50 Hz
- Network cable length 3 m
- Easy to transport
- Does not require special maintenance
- Faceplate for processing large workpieces
- Magnetic switch
- 4 spindle speeds
Screw-cutting lathe Enkor Corvette-76
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If we consider a wood lathe in the price ranking, the leader here is the Enkor Corvette-76 90760 lathe - this is convenient equipment for processing wood workpieces of any species. On such a machine you can not only grind parts, but also grind or polish the surfaces of workpieces. The adjustable support and tool holder expand the machining capabilities. The machine is installed on wide legs and is stable.
Screw-cutting lathe Enkor Corvette-76
Advantages:
- You can install a copier
- Magnetic starter prevents spontaneous start-up of the machine after a temporary power outage
- Capable of grinding and polishing
- Small dimensions
Design and principle of operation
All components and parts of the lathe are located on the frame or bed. The main design elements: a front support with a drive and a transmission shaft, a rear support for fixing the part and a mobile stand for the cutter. The headstock contains a driving chuck, which transmits rotational motion to the workpiece. The tailstock holds the free end of the workpiece; it is especially necessary when working with long parts. A cutter stand or support supports the cutter in the right place.
The workpiece is fixed in a lathe between the centers of supports or on a faceplate. When working with wood blanks, the first method is most often used, which does not allow processing the ends. Mounting on a faceplate is used when processing end surfaces; it is more reliable. The part is secured using bolts rather than chuck teeth.
When fastening, it is important to center the part so that it does not “beat” during movement. For this purpose, an angular type center finder is provided.
The cutter is fed manually; it is fixed only when working with a copier. In other cases, the master holds the cutter with his own hands with emphasis on the thrust bearing.
The workpiece is turned in two passes:
- rough: at an angle of up to 30 degrees;
- final: at an angle of up to 45 degrees.
For each pass, material no more than 1 millimeter thick is removed.
When choosing a lathe for home use, you should pay attention to the amount of spindle runout. A very good result is 0.02 mm, because working with wood processing equipment with your own hands does not imply perfect accuracy.
Screw-cutting lathe Performax PWL-1440L (909001M)
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In the rating of wood lathes for the home based on reliability, we included the JET Performax PWL-1440L 909001M household lathe. This equipment is a household-grade model for turning wooden workpieces with dimensions up to 350x1000 mm: balusters, furniture legs, racks and supports. A wood lathe for the home is used in home workshops. 4 pairs of pulleys allow you to set the most suitable mode of rotation of the faceplate - 800 rpm, 1180 rpm, 1700 rpm or 2500 rpm. Power consumption is 350 W. The tailstock is made of cast iron, its quill stroke is 25 mm. The material of the frame is steel. The base of the machine has holes for rigid fixation on the workbench.
Screw-cutting lathe Performax PWL-1440L (909001M)
Advantages:
- 4-speed belt drive
- Fixing the tool rest and tailstock with rotating handles
- Lightweight frame made of steel profiles
- The spindle is threaded for installation of the drive center and faceplate, which are included in the package
- The motor is asynchronous without brushes, requires no maintenance and is designed for a long service life
- The tailstock is made of cast iron, is fixed to the frame with a threaded clamp and has a movable quill equipped with a center rotating on a bearing
Design and principle of operation
Like any industrial lathe, the main element of equipment for domestic use is the bed. components of this equipment are attached to it . The most important ones include:
- a headstock equipped with a rotating spindle;
- rear locking headstock;
- movable thrust bearing.
The headstock, or, as it is often called, the driving chuck, is designed to rotate the workpiece. To securely fix the parts, use a tailstock. By means of the thrust bearing, the optimal choice of distance to the workpiece is ensured.
Wood lathe Corvette-73
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The Corvette-73 home workshop lathe is lightweight. The machine bed is made of angle and sheet steel. This significantly reduces the weight of the machine and its cost. A lathe with a center distance of 1000 mm becomes more accessible to private consumers. The mini woodworking machine for home has 4 spindle speeds. Speeds are changed by rearranging the belt on stepped pulleys. The design of the machine provides holes for attaching the machine to the workbench. The maximum length of the processed workpiece is 1000 mm. The maximum diameter of the workpiece to be processed above the bed is 350 mm. The maximum diameter of the workpiece above the tool rest mount is 300 mm. Transmission - belt.
Wood lathe Corvette-73
Advantages:
- Economical electric motor
- Ease of use of the machine
- The machine does not require special maintenance
- The machine is lightweight and suitable for transportation in a car
- Belt drive protects the engine from overloads
Features of working on a homemade lathe
Many home craftsmen with extensive experience make such devices on their own . This is a good option for those who are well versed in turning. Of course, it will not be possible to turn complex parts on a homemade lathe, but the most primitive workpieces of the simplest geometric shapes can be made without much difficulty. Using a homemade turning device, you can turn parts of the following shapes :
- Ball;
- Cylinder;
- Cone;
- Cube;
- Prism;
- Prism with a truncated apex.
When working on such a device, you need to pay special attention to safety precautions . If the machine is not made correctly, you can easily get injured. Details about safety precautions when working on a homemade machine can be read in textbooks for students of vocational schools.
Wood lathe JET JWL-1015
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The JET JWL-1015 home woodworking lathe is used for turning small wooden pieces - elements of drawers, decorations, dishes. The small dimensions of the machine allow it to be placed on a workbench about 1 meter long. Thanks to the movable tailstock, the operator has the opportunity to work with workpieces of different lengths. Reinforced spindle bearings are highly wear-resistant, which increases the overall service life of the machine. To switch from one speed to another, the operator moves the serpentine belt to one of 6 possible positions - this operation does not require special tools and does not take much time.
Wood lathe JET JWL-1015
Advantages:
- Tailstock quill stroke 50 mm
- 24 indexing positions
- Option – bed extension up to 533 mm
- Rotation diameter above support 185 mm
- Output power 370 W
- Massive cast iron bed
- Eccentric fixation of toolrest and tailstock
Safety precautions when using lathes
If you purchased a lathe and installed it correctly, then there is no need to rush to use it right away. First you need to learn about the rules for operating this equipment. Operating safety requires compliance with all requirements and recommendations contained in the operating instructions for this equipment.
Before turning on the machine, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the devices that provide user protection. If during its inspection any defects in the equipment or protective devices with which it is equipped were identified, then in this case the malfunctions that have arisen should be eliminated. To do this, you must first disconnect the equipment from the electrical network, and then perform all the necessary manipulations. The workplace must be free of workpieces and objects that could interfere with the implementation of necessary activities.
Another important point in safety precautions is that the machine must be in a stable position. To do this, place it on a flat and hard surface . The wiring must be routed in such a way that it does not interfere with the work process. The room in which the lathe is used must have good lighting conditions. The equipment must be installed in such a way that there is sufficient space for its maintenance during operation.
Under no circumstances should the machine be left running unattended. If you need to leave the workshop, you should turn it off. When processing a workpiece, you should carefully inspect it before securing it in the machine and remove nails and foreign objects, if any, in it.
Turning operations on equipment should only be performed using well-sharpened cutting tools. Before processing the workpiece, you should make sure that it is securely fastened. Before turning on the lathe , you should make sure that the workpiece is clamped securely. If the workpiece is curved or large in size, then it must be processed on turning equipment at minimum speed.
Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-400
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Wood lathes caliber STD-400 are used for turning or sanding wood products. Smooth speed control allows you to perform this or that operation as efficiently as possible without overloading the engine. The machine is installed on a workbench or table - you can choose the optimal height to suit the operator’s height. The quick-release clamp of the support support and the tailstock travel stopper are made of high-strength plastic with metal bushings. Smooth adjustment, magnetic table made of cast iron - reliable, stable, durable. If you want to buy a wood lathe for your home, then take a look at this model.
Screw-cutting lathe CALIBR STD-400
Advantages:
- Easy to use
- Does not require special maintenance
- Economical in terms of energy consumption
- Rigid bed ensures precision machining
- Spindle thread 1 (25.4mm) 3.0
- Maximum reach of support caliper 125mm
- Hand rest width 180mm
- Maximum quill stroke 55mm
- Small dimensions and weight
Screw-cutting lathe BELMASH WL-300/450VS (S079A)
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The Belmash lathe BELMASH WL-300/450VS S079A is used by home craftsmen and carpenters in small industries. Ground guides guarantee smooth processing. The design allows turning workpieces with a diameter of up to 305 mm and a length of up to 455 mm. Depending on the task being performed, as well as the hardness of the material, the user has the opportunity to choose one of three possible speed ranges: 450-1100 rpm, 960-2400 rpm, 1400-3500 rpm. The range is adjusted by moving the belt. There is a handle for smooth adjustment of speed in a given range. The long service life is due to the high strength of the structure. The headstocks (front, rear), tool rest and bed are made of cast iron.
Screw-cutting lathe BELMASH WL-300/450VS (S079A)
Advantages:
- Commutator motor with quick-change brushes
- Hand rest length 200 mm
- Stable design
- Long service life
- Ease of use
- Compact body
- Cast iron bed reduces vibration levels
Wood lathe Enkor 90740
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The Enkor Corvette-74 90740 lathe is used for turning, grinding and polishing wood workpieces of any species. The machine is economical in terms of power consumption and efficient. Continuous speed adjustment facilitates fine tuning depending on the operation (roughing, finishing, grinding). The massive structure stands stably on four legs, reinforced with cross bars.
Wood lathe Enkor 90740
Advantages:
- Equipped with a powerful asynchronous motor
- Magnetic starter prevents spontaneous start-up of the machine after a temporary power outage
- Belt drive protects the engine from overloads
- Smooth adjustment of spindle speed using a variator
- Possibility of installing a copier
- For processing workpieces of relatively large diameter and short length, the machine is equipped with a faceplate
- The headstock rotates to handle larger diameters without being above the bed
- Adjustable tool holder
- Base included as standard
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