10 steps to build a private house with your own hands on a turnkey basis

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From this article you can learn how to build your own house with your own hands at minimal cost and choose the optimal material for this. The text describes possible ways to save money and tips on how to avoid mistakes during work. The article examines the features of projects based on frame technology, brick, timber, gas blocks and other materials, as well as the cost-effectiveness of each of them.

In order to figure out which house is cheaper to build, you need to explore different options.

Construction of the foundation for the building

Similar to other capital projects, the construction of a frame house requires the construction of a foundation. At the same time, it is inappropriate to build a powerful reinforced concrete foundation for a building whose standard service life is no more than 100 years, and when developing a basement, it will be necessary to take into account the level of groundwater.

The most common foundation for a frame house is considered to be a strip foundation, which is poured below the freezing point of the soil. Thus, it compensates for the movement of soil and makes it possible to proportionally distribute the load created by the house on the soil.

Table of the minimum depth of laying a strip foundation

Soil freezing level, cm		Foundation level, cm
Slightly heaving soils	Non-heaving soils with hard rocks	Foundation level, cm
> 240	No	150
140 — 240	> 300	100
100 — 150	200 — 300	80
< 100	< 200	50

Pouring such a foundation has technological features:

A necessary condition is considered to be reinforcement around the perimeter of the structure, and the reinforcement must be secured to each other using wire knitting.
To make the foundation, only freshly prepared concrete mortar, grade M 200 and higher, is used.
The foundation must stand before the construction of the frame.
An integral process should be waterproofing the foundation.

Design features in every room

The question of what the rooms will be like needs to be decided at the design stage. To decide on the layout, you first need to understand in which parts of the house certain rooms should be located.

Kitchen

Kitchen interior option
In order to properly organize the kitchen, you need to answer the following questions:

How much space can be allocated;
You will choose an island or a peninsula for cooking;
How big will the sink be?
The stove will be gas or electric;
Will a TV be installed?
Do you plan to work in the kitchen?
Do you need an oven?

Bedrooms

Bedroom interior option
To choose a bedroom design, you will also have to answer a number of questions:

Will there be a bathroom nearby?
Will there be a lot of cabinets;
What size will the bed be?

Bathroom

Bathtub interior option
To organize a bathtub you should understand:

Shower or bath will be installed;
Will a sink be provided?
Which cabinet will be chosen for the bathroom.

Laundry

Laundry room interior option
When equipping a laundry room, you need to understand whether it will be in contact with the bathroom or not. Will there be space for a table, sink, counter?

When your project is complete

Living room interior option
Upon completion of construction, all garbage is removed. As a rule, this is the responsibility of the contractor, which is specified in the contract with him. It is also worth taking care of choosing high-quality furniture, appliances, landscaping, and choosing interior design.

Budget options for arranging a roof

The optimal solution is a gable roof without decorative elements and wide gables . The roof must be insulated - this will reduce heating costs in winter.

Available roofing materials:

Ruberoid. The cheapest and easiest to install material. However, it has a number of disadvantages: short service life, poor protection of the roofing pie , unattractiveness.
Slate. The material is weather resistant and affordable. Cons: heavy weight, fragility, difficulty of installation , toxicity.
Profiled sheeting. A budget solution with good performance characteristics. Disadvantages: the need to adhere to installation technology, careful sealing of joints, noise during rain, risk of injury during installation.

The prototype of corrugated sheeting and tiles is metal tiles. The characteristics of the material are similar to profiled sheets, but purchasing them will cost more. The advantage is the beautiful appearance of the finished roof.

There are quite a lot of solutions on how to build a house cheaply and quickly yourself. However, in any case, before starting construction of housing, it is necessary to draw up a detailed plan, take into account the natural features of the region, calculate the consumption of materials and think through engineering communications. The project of a private house requires prior approval from the relevant authorities.

How to make a project - preparatory stages of creating a drawing

The first step is to take into account the purpose of the future building: it will become a place for a country holiday or permanent housing. Before you start drawing up a project, you should take into account the number and needs of all the people for whom the building is intended to live. Personal preferences are discussed in advance. It is recommended to choose a quiet place away from the roadway. The construction of housing is divided into stages, with corresponding fixation in the sections of the project.

First, a sketch part is created. Then the architectural and structural sections. Following these, engineering and technical statements are prepared, and then it is time to create drawings for the finishing/design section for the corresponding stage of work. Sketching should be done before creating the main sketch. Then, based on the main drawing of the house, more detailed ones are drawn. They will become the basis for displaying an even more detailed layout.

Differences for permanent and country buildings

In general, the stages of building a country house and a house suitable for permanent residence will be identical.

The only difference will be the following:

for a country house there is no need to connect all communications: for example, you can do without gas;
the design of a country house will be simpler;
geodetic and geological work will be carried out in a simplified version.

Since country houses are intended for seasonal living, the stage of insulating the facades can be omitted. In addition, all construction work will be faster and easier, since there is no scale.

Features of drawing up a house project - drawings as the basis for planning

Drawings help to roughly visualize the final appearance of the building: outside and inside. There is no point in rushing to create the final sketch. It is better to spend a lot of time and anticipate more nuances. Drawings can be adjusted time after time to new ideas, taking into account further life activity on the site and inside the building. It is even possible to provide for the addition of floors.

In the diagrams, the first thing to indicate is their number, as well as the type of upper tier. The roof can be flat and sloping, and there may be an attic underneath it. Areas are planned inside: work, for cooking, for relaxation, etc. Outside - utility rooms, outbuildings, gardens, common areas. Territories with similar functional loads are located close to each other. All of the above aspects form the basis for the design of ready-made plans. Each finished project is a variant with a full set of necessary devices and functions.

Disadvantages of DIY Design

It is possible to design a private house yourself. It must be taken into account that design work is a complex process that requires serious knowledge, skills and experience. Organizations engaged in design receive the appropriate SRO approval. This is logical, since the safety of life and health of people living in the building depends on the quality of the developed design documentation.

The experience and professional knowledge of the designer allow us to select the optimal solutions in terms of cost and reliability. It is difficult to imagine that a person engaged in design for the first time will be able to offer more effective options. As a result, the costs required for the construction of the building increase, or the level of living comfort and durability of the building decreases. Taking into account the above, the most appropriate option is to invite a specialized organization, the competent choice of which will allow you to obtain a high-quality result at minimal financial costs.

Common mistakes

During design, inexperienced site owners make mistakes:

They start construction without a project - this often ends in unnecessary costs. Without clear planning, it is impossible to calculate how much material will be required to manufacture a particular unit or element. This does not take into account local loads acting on important points of the building. This could end in tragedy - the house will become deformed and collapse.

Incorrect calculation of the overall dimensions in relation to the thickness of the walls and partitions. Many people forget that walls consist of several layers, as a result the diagram turns out to be incorrect.

Inadequate design of structures. Sometimes they plan to install an overly powerful foundation for a small house, and sometimes, on the contrary, a two or three-story building is made from elements that are too thin or of poor quality (metal profiles, boards, bars). In the first case, significant funds are wasted, and in the second, there is a risk of the house collapsing.

Critical components are built from raw wood - after a year, moisture will leave the elements, and then the wood will deform. In the best case, the entire building will be skewed and significant alterations will be required.

Recommendations

Construction from wood materials without preliminary antiseptic treatment is unacceptable - even in the most properly designed frame or ordinary wooden house there will inevitably be a certain amount of condensation at the sections (boundaries) of the media, of which there is much more in frame houses than in buildings made from traditional solid materials. Moistened wood, containing organic elements (polysaccharides) in its structure, becomes an excellent breeding ground for various forms of microflora and microfauna, representatives of which can easily destroy wood fibers in a short (1-2 years) period of time.

Prices for wood preservatives

Impregnation for wood

It is important that materials that can bear loads are used to cover the frame. For example, OSB must be structural and intended specifically for outdoor work.

Insulation of vertical frame walls is allowed only with rigid slabs of building insulation. Due to shrinkage and downward movement over time, fill and roll materials can only be used on horizontal parts or in roofs with a slope of up to a ratio of 1:5.

When using economical versions of low-density insulation slabs, it is recommended to secure each row of slabs with spacers between the slabs to prevent slipping. This solution will make the structure more expensive and increase the thermal conductivity of the walls, so it is beneficial to use high-quality insulation of a higher density. The size of the openings between the frame posts should not exceed the transverse size of the insulation boards - 600 mm. It’s even better if the opening size is reduced to 590 mm to eliminate gaps between the studs and insulation boards. You cannot fill the walls with scraps of insulation - there will be many gaps.

What does it cost us to build a house - budget

The cornerstone of any construction, whether it will be carried out by renowned forces over the course of a season or in one helmet and will last for several years, is the budget. The parameters of the structure (dimensions, number of floors, architecture), and technologies, and what materials will be used to construct the box and bring it to the state of a residential building depend on it. Almost always, the main incentive for building with your own hands is the lack of funds to attract contractors. The need to save as much as possible, because money is tight, often coincides with the desire to gain confidence in the decent quality of work. Taking into account the situation in the construction services market and the level of professionalism of the lion’s share of “specialists,” the popular wisdom is more relevant than ever: “if you want it done well, do it yourself.”

But there is another aphorism, tested and proven by forum members in topics and comments - “Kroilovo leads to Popadalovo.” Therefore, no matter how great the desire to cut costs, this should in no case be done at the expense of deteriorating the quality of materials or attempts to overshoot the lower limits, hoping that the foundation will stand, the floors will hold up, and the roof, perhaps, will not be blown away. The materials must be of high quality and specific, the load-bearing capacity of the structures must correspond to the expected loads; it is better to save money on simplified forms and through careful preparation. The construction estimate must be calculated in as much detail and clearly as possible, for each stage, taking into account all the little things, right down to consumables such as gloves. As well as transportation costs, and funds for providing any kind of life at the construction site. And even in this case, the actual construction costs will be at least 15-20% higher, and craftsmen who already live in their homes recommend that they also immediately budget for this amount.

Design it yourself or with the help of an architect?

If the owners of a future country house have specific wishes for the layout of their future home, determined by their lifestyle, the number of family members, their habits and characteristics, it makes sense to think about a standard project and involve an architect to draw it up.

If you plan to design a beautiful one-story house made of timber without any special frills in the design, you can use standard designs, compiling it yourself or selecting one of the ready-made versions taken from the Internet to suit the characteristics of the site on which construction will be carried out.

If the future owner of a new wooden house is not confident in his abilities or is afraid of making a serious mistake that will cost considerable expenses to correct it, it is better to entrust the work to a professional.

Construction process monitoring

If it is not possible to personally attend the construction site, you can organize video surveillance at the site. But using this method it will not be possible to track all the nuances associated with the standards and quality of work.

Therefore, the most optimal option for monitoring construction and the contractor is to involve independent technical supervision, which will take over control of the quality of supplied materials, compliance with construction standards and performance of work in accordance with the project.

Related documentation for the project and construction drawings