Do-it-yourself installation and installation of water supply in a private house

Here you will learn:

• How to develop a plumbing diagram
• External (external) water supply
• Internal water supply
• Step-by-step work algorithm
• Pipe layout: collector or series
• Laying methods - hidden and open system
• Main components of the circuit
• Pipe selection
• Operating principles and useful tips
• Common installation mistakes

Water supply wiring in a private house is carried out in two ways - collector and sequential connection schemes. You can lay pipes in a hidden or open way.

How to develop a plumbing diagram

In order for everything to work out correctly in the end, before installing the water supply it is necessary to carefully work out the layout of its installation on the street and its wiring in the cottage. If this project is done correctly, it will avoid many problems during installation work and subsequent operation of the assembled water supply system.

Water supply scheme for a private house

When developing such a water supply scheme, the following is calculated:

• number of water supply points in the house;
• the need and number of collectors;
• pump power and water heater capacity;
• pipe sizes;
• characteristics of shut-off valves.

Plus, you select the option of pipe routing (collector or sequential) and the placement of all elements of the water supply system in a private house. At first glance, it is easier to install the same electrical wiring in an apartment or a ventilation system. However, both have their own nuances. And even with the slightest mistakes, there will be many problems in all cases.

Organization of hot water supply

To obtain hot water, double-circuit boilers (for heating and water supply), gas or electric water heaters are installed. Heaters can be flow-through or storage.

Cumulative water heater model

Flow heater

A gas boiler

External (external) water supply

There are three options, depending on the source of water intake.

• If the country water supply is connected to the central one. Why is the connection point determined, and then the pipework goes underground to the house. The main requirement for this scheme is the straightness of the pipe laying in order to reduce the cost of purchasing it, the second is the insulation of the wiring by laying the pipes in insulating cylinders made of foam-type polymer materials. Although you can use any other insulation.
• Well. The simplest option for organizing water supply for a private home. A well up to 10 m deep is dug by hand, its trunk is formed, into which the pump is lowered. And a pipe is stretched from it to the house, this is done in exactly the same way as in the case of connecting to the central village water supply.
• Well. Everything is the same as with the well. However, it should be noted that water from a well is a liquid of high quality and purity, and in the required volumes. One well can even provide water to several private houses.

Water supply from a well or borehole

Attention! The central water supply does not always provide homes with water at the required pressure. But it will always operate, even if there is a power outage in the village. Unfortunately, the pumps immediately turn off. True, this problem can be solved by installing a storage tank or hydraulic accumulator in the water supply pipes of a private house.

There are several interesting points regarding the ability to avoid high costs by installing an external plumbing system. Firstly, both a well and a well can be built inside the house. This will have to be done before construction of the building begins. Thus, the external water supply becomes an internal one. This means that there is an opportunity to save a lot on laying pipes along the street.

The second concerns the well. You can install a caisson on top of its barrel, which will accommodate a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit, some filter elements, and several gate valves. That is, the external part of the water supply network may be difficult in terms of increasing the equipment installed in it.

Well caisson

What is this - patina

People who collect coins and antiques are constantly faced with the fact that antique objects made of wood, precious metals, bronze and brass, which were stored in good conditions, have a visually visible patina of antiquity. In professional language, such a coating is called patina. There is patina on furniture, ancient coins and household items.

Among specialists, objects with an intact layer of patina are valued several times higher than products that have been cleared of it, even if they shine like new. In fact, patina in this case acts as a kind of standard confirming that the item has a solid history.

Owning antique furniture, which can be immediately identified by its characteristic layer of microcracks and darkening, gives a special status to the owners. It is proudly shown to guests, with pleasure telling the history of the set. Therefore, such furniture arouses such interest among buyers. However, not everyone has the opportunity to make such expensive purchases.

Taking this into account, designers have developed special technologies. Artificial aging of wood is no longer a problem. Patination of furniture, performed by professional craftsmen, allows you to create real masterpieces from inexpensive materials.

The comfort of wood and antiquity creates a pleasant atmosphere in the kitchen

You can make a patina either on solid wood or make patinated MDF facades. The quality of workmanship is so high that few will be able to distinguish a fake. Looking at a kitchen set, a person is sure that it is old wood until he opens the door. Only then does he discover that only the facades have a patina, and the rest of the structure is quite modern.

Today, designers can artificially age wood so much that they can create living rooms and kitchens in the Provence style with high reliability. The white patina and light abrasions applied to kitchen fronts allow people to create a small corner of the French countryside in their home.

Application of patina

Patination, as an artificial aging process for a product, is used in various fields.

• Modern gift shops are trying to reach people with different purchasing power, so they actively sell antique items that are made in modern times and have a patina effect made by skilled craftsmen.
• Numismatists who collect ancient coins turn to professionals. Do-it-yourself patina on the coin’s metal increases the self-esteem of such “collectors.” Manufacturers of copies of ancient coins do the same.
• It is common for furniture manufacturers to apply patina to wood. It covers the texture and places of milling of wooden elements, and also creates a patina on MDF facades for the kitchen.
• Artificial patina is also used to cover fittings used to make “antique” furniture.

The use of the artificial aging method is the breath of a new style

Types and methods of applying patina can vary greatly from each other.

1. The style of patination can vary - thin layer patina, fill and aged.
2. Obsolescence is done with rubbing into the texture, while the other two styles are done without rubbing.
3. Aging implies a clear and rich highlighting of the milling, the patina and filling on the milling is applied smoothly.

At the same time, furniture manufacturers have catalogs of the textures of various trees, which describe patination methods.

In furniture production, there are two technologies for applying patina to wooden parts.

• Membrane vacuum pressing.
• Manual application of varnishes and paints to facades and other parts.

The types of patina differ depending on the paints and materials used, as well as the surface on which they are applied. They also depend on the method of applying paint to the facade.

Simple patination

Simple artificial aging of facades can be done with your own hands

This is the easiest way to do patination yourself. A basic paint composition is applied to the front side of the façade blank made of laminated MDF or solid wood. It should level the surface and form a base layer. After the applied composition has dried, it is carefully sanded using sandpaper. In this case, the patina for wood will play the role of a covering composition for the paint. The level of abrasiveness and force must be adjusted depending on the required pattern. Finally, the surface must be coated with a special colorless matte varnish.

Method using bronze, gold and silver

This is how a kitchen patina is processed which has no gloss. The surfaces to be treated must have a textured surface. Since gold, silver or bronze is applied as an additional layer, the main background must be prepared in advance and have a matte finish. Additional paints are applied to protruding parts. After drying, these surfaces are also lightly sanded. Antiquity does not imply bright shine.

Patination and craquelure

Behind these words lies a more complex process of artificial aging. It is necessary to achieve the appearance of cracks and the formation of a “patina” of antiquity. Bevel varnish is applied in layers. In this case, the next layer is applied to the previous one that has not yet completely dried. This creates a basis for the formation of cracks. For their appearance, a fairly large number of layers are required, so this is a labor-intensive process. Do-it-yourself patina with the desired shade is applied to the surface with cracks that have appeared. And only after the prepared facade has completely dried, it must be sanded.

Texture coating technique

When making kitchen facades, patina film is the most common surface. Because PVC film covered with a simple patina is a cheaper way to make such furniture. As a result, it falls into the top category of cheap furniture.

Internal water supply

The complexity of distributing water around the house is related to the number of consumers (taps and mixers) and their location. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to develop a scheme. This is the most important stage in the installation process, which should not be neglected. There is nothing difficult in drawing up a diagram. You just need to arm yourself with a tape measure and measure the distances from consumers to the connection points of each device.

Transfer all this to paper, taking into account the size and configuration of the pipes. The diagram will show exactly how many pipes and fittings will need to be used in the installation process, where deviations from straight-line wiring will occur, and where passages through load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements of the building will be installed. And the more rooms are involved in the plumbing system, the more complex the scheme will be.

One of the plumbing diagrams

Attention! In the wiring diagram, it is necessary to take into account all the elements of the water supply system: collectors, pumps, filters, tanks and shut-off valves. It must indicate the distances between elements and changes in network configuration.

Step-by-step work algorithm

How to install water in apartments? To replace the old water supply system in an apartment, you can turn to a professional and you will not have to choose the material, wiring diagram and install the system, however, such services are quite expensive. In turn, organizing water distribution in an apartment with your own hands requires careful compliance with building codes and regulations. This event is divided into several main stages:

First, experts recommend preparing a plan for future work. Such a plan should include two main points:

• choice of material. Many people are interested in one question: which pipes to choose for water supply? Pipes can be made of metal, metal-plastic or plastic. Each material has its own characteristics, which must be carefully studied so as not to encounter unexpected problems in the future. Which material is better suited for installing water pipes: polypropylene or metal-plastic? Metal-plastic pipes are most suitable for self-distributing water supply. Installing metal-plastic communications is quite simple, so even a beginner can do this work. In any case, polypropylene or metal-plastic are ideal for water pipes;
• choosing a water distribution scheme for the apartment. The installation scheme for water supply communications is determined depending on the type of multi-story building. Today, the most popular are two schemes: serial and parallel. A sequential wiring diagram is used if the water pressure in the apartment is always stable, however, this is extremely rare. Therefore, most often for the installation of a water supply structure, the second option is used, namely: parallel or collector distribution of water supply and sewerage.

The collector distribution system is a modern and more practical option; in such a water supply the pressure will be stable

Note! The main advantage of collector water distribution in an apartment is the ability to control the pressure of the working fluid in individual water intake sources.

Calculation of fittings and other auxiliary elements, as well as the pipeline cross-section. It is recommended to install shut-off valves in front of each water intake source. It is important to remember that the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipes should be smaller than that of the connecting elements.

The fourth point of the diagram includes a list of tools necessary for wiring.

Dismantling old communications and laying new ones. When dismantling an old structure, it is very important to ensure that the cross-sectional area of ​​all outlets and pipes is observed, otherwise you will have to use special adapter couplings.

As a rule, in standard apartments the rooms where the plumbing structures are located have a limited area. In this regard, it is recommended to give preference to the most compact option for laying a water supply. As mentioned above, pipes made of different materials can be used for water supply in an apartment.

Well drilling

Before starting to develop a well, it is necessary to determine the appropriate depth for it. This indicator is calculated taking into account 2 factors: the depth of the water layer and the individual needs of the site owners for water supply. There are several technologies for drilling a well. The easiest way to do the work with your own hands is using the shock-rope method.

To make a suitable vertical well using this method, use a special installation - a tripod. A driving glass is mounted on it. The working element is fixed using a winch and a cable. Metal pipes are best suited for making a tripod.

Note! The height of the tripod should be 1.5 - 2 m greater than that of the driving element. The process of drilling a well takes place in several stages.

The first stage is driving the glass into the ground, which allows you to gradually remove the soil at a certain point. After removing the soil layer by layer with your own hands, you get a channel of the required depth. Next, it will need to be strengthened. For this, a casing pipe is used. A durable and inexpensive option is a plastic product. Finally, dirty water is pumped out of the well. This work is performed using pumping equipment.

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Pipe layout: collector or series

Regardless of which source of water supply has been selected, the optimal piping scheme for the facility is selected: sequential or collector piping of the water supply system. When designing a network, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

• the number of people living in the house;
• frequency of stay in the house;
• intensity of water use.

Tee (or sequential) pipe distribution from a heater, main or riser takes place by connecting plumbing equipment one after another. Thus, the installation of the system requires a minimum amount of materials and time, however, this connection method has two significant drawbacks:

1. Uneven pressure in the system when used simultaneously by several users. That is, for example, when you turn on the water in the bathroom or kitchen, normal water pressure will only be in the tap located closer to the source.
2. To repair an individual element of the system, it is necessary to completely shut off the water supply to the building.

An example of a series connection of pipes.
With a collector (or parallel) connection, pipes are supplied to the intake points directly from the distribution manifold (individual distributors are provided for hot and cold water). Collector wiring allows all users to constantly receive stable water pressure, regardless of the number of simultaneously turned on plumbing fixtures. The main disadvantage of this method is the large number of pipes, which are difficult and expensive to hide.

Manifold piping on the floor.

In recent years, combined distribution of water supply pipes has become increasingly popular, in which short lines are installed in series and later collected into a collector. This method is a budget alternative to parallel connection of pipes. After all, it requires significantly less material for installation, and in the event of a breakdown, it is enough to turn off the water supply to just one short branch.

Sewage system in a wooden house

Drainage of water from a building is an important component of the entire water supply system. To install a sewer system, you need external pipes leading to a septic tank or septic tank (or cutting into the central sewer system), and an internal network consisting of risers, a drain pipe and wiring throughout the building.

Sewer pipes in a wooden building

An established water supply to a village house or country house can significantly improve the standard of living outside the city. A properly installed utility network and high-quality equipment will allow you to enjoy comfort for many years.

Laying methods - hidden and open system

Pipes in the water supply system can be laid in closed or open ways. The choice of one of the methods does not affect the quality of the connections or the functionality of the entire system and depends only on personal preferences.

It would seem that it is not difficult to decide and the closed method is preferable as it is more aesthetic and allows saving up to 10 cm of usable space. Why is an open pipeline still used when installing a water supply system? Let's try to give an answer.

Hidden wiring allows you to hide pipes and not spoil the aesthetic perception of the interior of a house or apartment. The hidden method is used when assembling a water supply system from PP pipes. They hide the contour behind a decorative wall, for example, made of plasterboard, or they groove the walls and insert pipes into the resulting niches, sealing them with facing material or plaster over a mesh.

The pipeline should not be tightly adjacent to the surfaces - always leave a small gap for possible repairs. When installing a pipeline into a monolith, it is recommended to place them in a casing, inserting the pipe into the pipe.

The disadvantage of the method appears when there is a need to repair or replace hidden elements of the system - the plaster or tiling has to be opened and then re-decorated.

In addition, in the event of damage and leaks, the problem may not be detected immediately and lead first to a loss of operational technical characteristics of the structures, then to flooding of the premises.

It is better to start installing a water supply system with a pre-drawn diagram - otherwise errors in calculations or assembly will lead to the need to cut new grooves and re-install the pipes.

To avoid such difficulties, when installing the wiring, only whole sections of the pipe are hidden, placing connecting fittings in open areas. Inconspicuous doors are made in places where shut-off valves are installed. This gives access during maintenance to pipe connections, which are the weakest links in the system.

It should also be noted that pipes made of not all materials can be hidden under a layer of plaster - only products made of polypropylene, metal-plastic or copper are suitable for this.

Open pipe laying is carried out after finishing is completed. The method involves the uncovered laying of pipes and water supply elements. It looks ugly and reduces the usable area of ​​the room, but at the same time this method is very convenient for maintenance, repair and dismantling of elements.

Redevelopment and rearrangement of plumbing in the house with such a plumbing arrangement will also not cause difficulties.

Open wiring makes it possible to quickly detect the location of a leak and eliminate the cause of breakdown or damage to system elements

Types of garden aqueduct

There are two ways to lay a pipeline at a dacha - summer and seasonal (major). Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Summer option

The method of ground installation of a water supply system in summer cottages is used to organize watering of vegetable beds, berry bushes, and fruit trees. Ground water supply is used for supply to a bathhouse, summer kitchen, and garden house.

The seasonal water supply system is a ground loop with pull-in fittings at the branch point. If the site is used exclusively during the warm season, it is reasonable to lay pipes on the surface. Such a system can be easily disassembled for the winter to prevent theft of materials during the off-season.

On a note! To avoid damage to communications by agricultural equipment, summer water supply is laid on special supports.

The main convenience of a seasonal polyethylene water supply is its mobility. If necessary, the configuration can be changed in 10-15 minutes. It is enough to add or remove a few meters of pipe or run it in a different direction.

Irrigation system

Scheme

Temporary summer water supply at the dacha from HDPE pipes is assembled and disassembled with your own hands according to the principle of a children's construction set.

Typical diagram of a country water supply system

The network diagram is drawn up in relation to the detailed site plan. The drawing marks the location of green spaces, water intake points, a house, a shower, and a washbasin.

Important! Pipes are laid with a slope towards the water intake point. A drain valve is installed at the lowest point of the system

Capital system

If the site is thoroughly developed and used all year round, it is reasonable to spend time and money on installing a capital water supply system. The principle of connecting elements in this case does not change. The difference lies in the additional installation of compressor equipment and the closed arrangement. To install a permanent water supply system, communications are laid in trenches below the freezing depth of the soil.

Inserting HDPE pipes into the house

Insulation

The depth of soil freezing in different regions of the Russian Federation differs significantly. To avoid rupture of communications during sudden temperature changes, it is recommended to insulate them.

To insulate the capital water supply system from HDPE at a summer cottage, the following materials are used:

1. Basalt insulation in the form of ready-made cylindrical modules.
2. Fiberglass sheet in rolls. You will need to purchase additional roofing material to protect the warm layer from getting wet.
3. Expanded polystyrene. Reusable folding modules of two halves, which are used repeatedly, are assembled simply and quickly.

Insulation for pipes made of foamed polyethylene According to statistics, the depth of soil freezing in winter in Russia exceeds 1 meter. For clay and loam in Moscow and the region this is...

On a note! Water under high pressure does not freeze. If a receiver is installed in the system, there is no need for additional thermal insulation of the water supply system.

In capital construction, when laying a pipeline to a shallow depth, a heating cable is laid parallel to the system and connected to a grounded source of electricity.

Defrosting water supply and sewerage pipes Russia is located in a harsh climatic region, so in winter and early spring there is a risk...

How to choose?

Manufacturers offer several types of polyethylene pipes to choose from. First of all, products are distinguished by the type of transported medium.

For the production of gas pipes, special additives are used that change the composition of water. Gas pipes with yellow markings are strictly prohibited for use in the plumbing system!

To assemble the pipeline underground, two types of polyethylene are used:

1. HDPE PE 100, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18599-2001. The diameter of the products is 20 to 1200 mm. Such pipes are made black with a longitudinal blue stripe along the entire length.
2. HDPE PE PROSAFE, produced in accordance with GOST 18599-2001, TU 2248-012-54432486-2013, PAS 1075. Such pipes have an additional mineral protective shell, 2 mm thick.

For the main line, blanks with a diameter of 40 mm are selected. For secondary - 20 mm or 25 mm.

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Main components of the circuit

The water distribution diagram in a private house, or more precisely, the part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:

• pumping unit for a well or borehole,
• nipple (adapter),
• check valve preventing water backflow,
• pipeline,
• filter equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
• shut-off valves,
• hydraulic accumulator,
• five-piece (fitting) for connecting the main elements and instruments (pressure gauge, pressure switch, pipes).

Elements of the water supply system of a country house with a well

Connecting the pumping station

The pump or pumping station is installed in a caisson above the well, in the basement or in an outbuilding next to the well. This equipment is sensitive to severe frosts, so it should be located in an insulated, or even better, heated place.

Otherwise, there is a risk that the water inside it and nearby pipes will simply freeze. It is also possible to install a submersible pump directly into the well.

However, pressure switches and other automation will still require some kind of insulated space in the borehole head or room in the house for them to work correctly

Schematic diagram of pumping station connection

Pipe selection

Modern plastic pipes are predominantly used due to their reliability, lightness and ease of installation. Metal-plastic and metal have almost gone out of use due to their high cost and less practicality.

Laying out water supply pipes in the house

Installation of metal-plastic requires bending and crimping equipment and serious practical experience. When installing metal pipes, welding is required.

Using plastic pipes with minimal crimping equipment, anyone can create a water supply system with their own hands.

If the house also plans to have hot water supply, pipes with thermal protection are needed.

Reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum, polypropylene pipes will do the job perfectly.

What else is plastic useful for? After welding (a machine for welding polypropylene pipes can be purchased or rented) and pressure testing, plastic connections do not need to be checked or corrected. Pipes can be hidden in the decoration. Do not forget about temperature fluctuations and create S-shaped bends in dangerous places to avoid pipe bursts.

Internal copper pipe routing

But if the high price does not scare you and you are willing to pay for professional installation, choose copper pipes.

Diameter and capacity of water pipe

• 25 mm 30 liters/min.
• 32 mm 50 liters/min.
• 38 mm 75 liters/min.

Operating principles and useful tips

In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to install plumbing in a private house with your own hands correctly. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and rules, as well as some nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.

• Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, creating such a circuit is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective cup.
• Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get maximum free space and to do this, “press” the pipeline against the wall, there must be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer corner 15 mm.
• If there are drain valves on the pipelines or hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
• The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double devices; in any case, the distance between them should be about 2 meters.

When deciding how to install water in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:

• Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
• All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
• Availability of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
• A minimum number of not very reliable flexible connection sections (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure changes.

Decentralized source of water supply

Installation of water supply in a private house begins with any source that meets sanitary standards for water intake. Well, well, lake, river.

The most convenient and generally accepted option is a well, since in the event of a sudden power outage, and, consequently, the water pump, water can still be obtained manually. A well can play an additional decorative role on the site.

The second most popular is a system with a water well installed directly in the basement of the house. Thus, there is no need to dig trenches for pipes and the water pressure increases, since the pumping station does not need to pump water from afar, and the water supply can be installed directly into a private house.

The problem with this method is that the well can become silted and must be cleaned approximately once every 3-5 years.

The capabilities of different wells may differ in capacity, which depends on the saturation of the aquifer. The standard well width is about 10-15 cm, which allows the use of a submersible pump for water supply, but it is impossible to scoop water from the well.

Cunning homeowners usually supplement the well with a large water tank of 200-500 liters, which allows them to survive a power outage.

We do not consider artesian wells due to the great rarity of this type of source.

The construction of an artesian well is quite expensive, and permission to drill an artesian well is not very easy to obtain, since it will be necessary to justify the need to drill an artesian well.